P.E.N. American Center Archives

• Introduction
• Historical Sketch
• Collection Descripton
• Series Descriptions
• Box/Folder Listing

---

Introduction

Range of Collection Dates:            1922-1992
Range of Collection Bulk Dates:       1930s-1989

Size: 130 linear ft. (261 archival boxes, 10 oversize flat cases)

Provenance: The P.E.N. American Center sold its archives to Princeton University in January, 1994. The archives came directly from the American Center in New York; subsequent files will come to Princeton in like manner.

Restrictions: The Recipients File of P.E.N.'s Writer's Fund has been sealed by P.E.N.'s Board until further notice.

Photocopying, literary rights, and citation: No photocopies may be made from the photocopies (Xeroxes, photostats) of material in the collection where Princeton University Library does not own the originals; however, single photocopies of original material may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish material from the collection must be requested from the Associate University Librarian for Rare Books and Special Collections. The Library has no information on the status of literary rights in the collection, and researchers are responsible for determining any question of copyright. Citations should be as follows: P.E.N. American Center Archives, Box #, used by permission of the Princeton University Libraries.

Note: The pre-1972 part of the following historical sketch of the organization is a prcis of Marchette Chute's P.E.N. American Center: a History of the First Fifty Years (New York: PEN American Center, 1972). All quotations are from this work.

The P.E.N. (poets, playwrights, essayists, editors, and novelists) American Center was founded in New York City in the spring of 1922. A year earlier in London, the first seed of building an international organization had been sown: Mrs. C. A. Dawson Scott, a Cornish novelist, and John Galsworthy, a well-known literary figure, together founded the first P.E.N. organization, and decided to call it "The P.E.N. Club." This Club was borne out of Mrs. Dawson Scott's "unshakable conviction that if the writers of the world could learn to stretch out their hands to each other, the nations of the world could learn in time to do the same." The idea could not have come at a more appropriate time, as bitter hatred existed between the nations following the First World War.

After having established a small circle of well-known writer- members and holding their first P.E.N. meeting in October 1921 in London, Galsworthy and Dawson Scott had set about contacting American writers such as Kate Douglass Wiggin and Joseph Anthony to begin a center in New York. Both Anthony and Wiggin gathered their friends, and by March of 1922 they had formed the Committee on Organization. This Committee included Alexander Black, Maxwell Aley, Willa Cather, Carl Van Doren, Jesse Lynch Williams, and John Farrar, editor of The Bookman.

Although this Committee lacked a strong central figure like Galsworthy who could attract noteworthy writers through his personal friendship and influence, and although it seemed on the surface that the American Center had little to offer except a series of dinners and an idea, writers proved they liked the idea and showed their faith in it by joining. In a fairly short time the list of members had grown to include Robert Benchley, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Marc Connelly, Robert Frost, Ellen Glasgow, Sidney Howard, Walter Lippmann, Kathleen Norris, Eugene O'Neill, Edwin Arlington Robinson, and Elinor Wylie. The Center's strength lay in the fact that the members did not represent any one literary set or style; this remains true today.

On Wednesday, April 19, 1922, a dinner was held in the Coffee House Club, where about forty people gathered in the pleaseant room upstairs. This occasion marked the American Center's formal existence. The Center's President was Booth Tarkington, who, although quite willing to join, had no intention of leaving his native Indiana. He did, however, send this first gathering a message of good will; it was read at the dinner by Alexander Black, who was Chairman of the Executive Committee and therefore the presiding officer for the evening. Black also read a letter from Galsworthy at this April dinner which sent warmest greetings to the new American Center and set down the central idea and hope upon which the P.E.N. was founded:

      We writers are in some sort trustees for human nature; if
      we are narrow and prejudiced we harm the human race. And
      the better we know each other....the greater the chance
      for human happiness in a world not, as yet, too happy.

The following year the American Center hosted an International Congress, in May 1924, consisting of three days of festivities and discussions, and the highlight was a gala banquet held at the Hotel Pennsylvania on the 13th of May. The menu was carefully planned: international dishes were served to honor the delegates from their respective countries, such as Olives Espag$ol for Amrijo Castro of Spain, Consomm Madrilene Mexicane for Octavio Barreda of Mexico, and so on, ending with Danish pastry for Olga Ott of Denmark.

Among the speakers at this Congress were Jules Romains of the French P.E.N. and Chekhov's widow, who was representing Russia; they gave the most impressive speeches. A letter from John Galsworthy was also read by Mrs. Dawson Scott, which emphasized the reason behind P.E.N. hospitality:

      I beg you earnestly to believe that our meetings are not
      just festivity, but gestures of friendliness which have
      a deep and wide-reaching significance....Friends, the
      P.E.N. Club was a great dream....I believe I speak from

      your hearts, as well as from my own, when I say: "With
      this dream we will go forward till we have made of it a
      great reality." Good fortune to you all and may you serve
      this dream.

It was not until two years later, however, at the Congress in Brussels in June of 1927, that any serious steps were taken to establish translation as a working entity of the P.E.N. After many discussions and suggestions about promoting translation, Henry Seidel Canby formally presented a suggestion made by a member of the American Center. The idea was to set up preferably in Paris,

      an international clearing house of literary information
      to simplify, clarify, speed and make more efficient to
      everyone concerned~author, publisher, and public~the flow
      of literary expression across language frontiers.

Financial support came from various publishers, who would pay an annual fee for the use of the facilities of the clearing house. Eventually, support was coming from six London publishers, fourteen in Germany, and several in America. Although the American Center, in the spring of 1928, had managed to raise $6,500, it was a long way from the three thousand pounds that Galsworthy felt was necessary to make the project truly seccessful. Unfortunately, it was evident that P.E.N. was too new and loosely organized to make such an ambitious undertaking fly. Canby said, "The P.E.N. Club as a whole had not a sufficient central organization to guarantee the proper support and control."

By 1931, at the Congress in Amsterdam, P.E.N. had grown to truly justify its identity as a worldwide organization. Delegates came not only from most of the European countries but from Australia, Canada, China, and South America. Invitations were sent to Japan and India to join P.E.N., but the overtures had not, as yet, come to anything.

At this Congress, a set of bylaws was passed. Article II was a reiteration of three points that Galsworthy had drafted "as a touchstone of P.E.N. action" which had been approved at the Brussels Congress.

In January of 1933, a year after the Budapest Congress, John Galsworthy died, leaving his Nobel Prize money in a trust fund for P.E.N. It was the last gift and contribution to an organization he loved and nurtured, watching it grow and take shape. His successor in the office of International President was H. G. Wells.

Adolph Hitler became Chancellor of Germany the same month that Galsworthy died, and soon afterward attained the power of dictator. He knew that the writers of Germany posed the greatest threat of all to his authority, and, although many of them were self-exiled and out of the country (therefore out of his reach), he could at least destroy what they had written.

Two weeks after the famous Burning of the Books, which took place on May 10, 1933, and in which six German cities held six simultaneous ceremonial bonfires, the P.E.N. held its Congress in Dubrovnik. The international atmosphere had become so tense and threatening that Henry Canby, the only American delegate, had come to the Congress with "a long and carefully worded resolution which reaffirmed the basic international principles of the P.E.N." The atmosphere worsened when the German Center delegates arrived, clearly having been given their "intstructions:" the leader of the delegation was the author of a campaign life of Hitler, and the rest of the delegation were approved by the Nazis.

Henry Canby read the resolution which had been drafted by the Executive Committee of the American Center, which included Will Irwin, Robert Nathan, and Alfred Dashiell. It opened with a general statement of principle:

      Whereas there are again abroad in the world aspects of
      chauvinism which debase the spirit of man, causing him to
      persecute his fellow men, robbing him of generosity, of
      nobility, and understanding; and whereas it is the duty
      of the artist to guard the spirit in its freedom, so that
      mankind shall not be prey to ignorance, to malice, and to
      fear, we the members of the American Center of the P.E.N.
      call upon all other centers to affirm once more those
      principles upon which the structure of this society was
      raised.

      We likewise call upon the International Congress to take
      definite steps to prevent the individual centers of the
      P.E.N., founded for the purpose of fostering good will
      and understanding between the races and nations, from
      being used as weapons of propaganda in the defence of
      persecution inflicted in the name of chauvinism, racial
      prejudice and political ill will.

Ernst Toller, a Jew, a radical, a former Communist, and also a very fine playwright, was one of the growing number of writers exiled from Germany. He had been invited to be one of the speakers at the Congress and his name was on the agenda. The German delegation was determined that he should not be permitted to speak.

This blatant attempt to silence Toller was evidence of just how effective the Nazi movement was at infiltrating the ideals of those who belonged to an organization like P.E.N. which stood for freedom of speech. The Congress erupted into chaos: some of the delegates feared the Germans too much to oppose them; others openly expressed their opposition. However, Wells, unruffled by the commotion, put the question of Toller to vote. Toller was permitted to speak by majority rule.

Toller's speech, which was appropriately on the subject of fear, evoked both hissing and cheering, and the German delegates walked out. Canby described the scene as "visible fear rising like a cold fire."

This event would, years later, be spoken of by a French writer who had attended the Congress as "an event in the intellectual history of Europe." It was also a major event in the history of P.E.N.: its members had adhered to its basic principles on which it was founded by following Toller's way and not Hitler's.

Dinner meetings held by the American Center had been from the beginning and throughout American P.E.N.'s history an important aspect of the Center's existence. It blended the Club's two facets rather nicely: the social and the business. If not for the dinners, members would have no way of meeting each other. They cost $3.50 per person, but by 1935 had dropped to $1.75. The following year, when P.E.N. moved to the Algonquin, the price rose to $2.00, and at the end of the Thirties rose again slightly, but flowers were now included.

During the 1920s, it was customary to honor foreign writers only at these meetings. Over the years and into the next decade, some of the guests of honor were Booth Tarkington (an exeption to the foreign-writers-only rule because he was the first President), John Dewey, Sinclair Lewis, Don Marquis, Lewis Mumford, Dorothy Thompson, and Thornton Wilder. Near the end of the Thirties, however, P.E.N. abolished its custom of honoring only foreigners because they did not want to depend entirely on visiting foreign writers.

Sometimes it was difficult to persuade members to attend the dinners, and those in charge had to resort to telephoning. Some were better attended than others. One of the best-attended, liveliest occasions was a dinner at which Eleanor Roosevelt spoke and 152 people came.

The Program Chairman was Bessie Beatty, a journalist and editor who had been a member since 1924. With her careful attention she assured that these meetings were well-planned and imaginative.

In 1939, New York held the World's Fair. The directors of the World's Fair were willing to invest ten thousand dollars in the Congress, which would pay for the housing and entertainment of delegates, if P.E.N. would hold its Congress in New York at the same time. They were also eager to publicize the event among foreign writers. The Congress of that year, however, was already promised to Stockholm, Sweden, but the Swedish Center agreed to move its date to autumn of 1939 so that the New York Congress could be held in the spring.

Unfortunately, there were difficulties from the beginning. The World's Fair would not pay for transportation for the foreign delegates, although the invitation had given the impression otherwise. The American Center could not get special rates from steamship lines, but the French Center was convinced that Henry Canby had personally guaranteed free transportation, and it took a long time to mollify the infuriated French secretary.

Bessy Beatty encountered other complications with this Congress. The weight of responsibility for running the Congress was on her, but the authority to approve decisions she made belonged to the Executive Committee, which lacked energy and was difficult to get together. Robert Frost, the President at the time, had too vague an idea about his duties and rarely showed up at dinner meetings. Dorothy Thompson, who succeeded him in 1936, was so busy with her own career that Bessy Beatty was never able to reach her about the Congress. Struggles with the steamship lines and confusion with the delegates continued.

At the end of April, the tickets were ready to be printed with the location of the ceremonies, but the Hall of Music was under the control of General Motors, which suddenly decided not to let P.E.N. use it. After an urgent appeal and the frantic pulling of strings, General Motors reversed its decision.

Fortunately, the Congress program went smoothly in an atmosphere of real fellowship and did not show signs of the earlier problems. This feeling of fellowship was especially important because the Congress took place in the last days before World War II. The basic reason for this Congress was "the necessity of reaffirming the right to speak and to differ in a world where it seemed to be vanishing."

There were many exiled writers at the Congress of 1939, such as Ernst Toller and Thomas Mann of Germany. These and other writers like Jules Romains, the International President of P.E.N., spoke eloquently on the tyranny that presently existed in Europe versus the freedom of the human spirit. These speeches were broadcast over the radio.

By the time war broke out, the health of the P.E.N. American Center was in jeopardy. In spite of the hard work of individual members, the Center showed a weakening and a loss of vital energy. This had been increasingly evident all through the Thirties. Partly responsible was the great confusion of many American members regarding the War. They were divided over what stand P.E.N. should take and had many arguments over the issue.

When the United States entered the War, some of the confusion disappeared. It still remained unclear what P.E.N. could do to make itself useful, and less than a month after Pearl Harbor was bombed the American Center sent out a questionnaire, asking for suggestions as to how the P.E.N. could be used in defense. It was also sent to the refugee writers who, being European P.E.N. members, were considered associate members of the American P.E.N.

The American Center had to face the basic question of its responsibility for these refugee writers. In 1940, it had managed to send some money to English and French Centers to help them with the first wave of refugees. However, the Center did not have the machinery to keep up with the desperate pleas for visas, and it had no money to support those fortunate enough to arrive. The problem was further exacerbated by the continuing sense of confusion, partly due to a lack of office and funds. Still, every effort was made, working with other organizations, to help with visas, affidavits and costs of transportation for refugees and to help them find jobs once they arrived in the United States.

The loss of an adequate relationship between the P.E.N. American Center and its parent organization in London was probably the greatest casualty of the decade. The ties had been weakening for some time. The Americans had not been sending anyone to represent them at the meetings of the International Executive Committee, which was partly responsible for this decline.

Nowhere was the decline in the American-English relationship more evident than at the Congress of 1941 in London. The American Center sent no delegates; the membership was not even informed that the Congress was being held. It was so important from an international point of view that the American Center attend that the English government sent a plane to bring two American writers, John Dos Passos and Thornton Wilder, to the P.E.N. Congress.

In March of 1943, because the American Center was clearly in difficulties, it was decided to have a reorganization. Three Vice- President positions were created, a new office in the Center's history. Everyone on the Board resigned, and the Nominating Committee was empowered to reconsider the whole question of Board membership. The new President was hopeful and determined to make the Center "a more effective and dynamic organization." He set up a large number of committees with carefully chosen members.

At the same time, a concerted effort was being made to improve relations between the American Center and other Centers. To this end, in June 1944, the Americans sent out a letter of invitation to a special international dinner to all the centers in the world. The dinner, planned for November 15, 1944, was to stress the importance of P.E.N. in the post-war world. Each Center was to send a delegate if possible, or at least a message.

A very large and enthusiastic group assembled, and letters from thirteen centers were read. Everything went off elegantly, yet bitterness and confusion from the war were still in evidence: a very distinguished French writer who was to be one of the speakers was suddenly informed that he would not be welcomed due to protests against his appearance.

Henry Canby tried to steer the American Center out of its confusion and disorganization during this post-war period by chairing a special committee to aid foreign writers. The three-man team consisted of Ben Huebsch, who loaned enough money to get the project underway; Robert Pick, who compiled reliable lists of foreign writers in need; and Manuel Komroff, who sent the packages.

Each package went to an individual writer with a letter explaining that it was "a gift of love and homage" from fellow writers in America. Letters of thanks received from the writers revealed a great deal of warmth and gratitude, showing just how much the packages were needed.

Members of the American Center responded with zeal to the request for contributions, glad that they were given something specific to do. The Committee managed to raise $17,777.77 from the membership and sent 1223 packages to twelve countries, always with a letter addressed to the writer who loved freedom and who had not been "servant-minded." Thomas Mann wrote to the American Center in 1949, noting that the packages had been deeply appreciated "both for their actual and spiritual value," and it was this affirmation of the spirit which demonstrated that the Center could work with energy and enthusiasm once it had a specific job to do.

Another accomplishment for the American Center at this same time was the writing of a P.E.N. history pamphlet which had been planned two years before. The delay was due to the difficulty in gathering the necessary information together because the Center had never had a headquarters. Each secretary held the files during his term and then passed them on to his successor.

In addition to the problem of locating any early P.E.N. material, no one was willing to do the actual writing. Finally, after a committee was organized to struggle with this, a rough draft was worked out, finished by Will Irwin, to which he signed his name. The completed result was a little booklet containing the names and addresses of all the American members, names of the foreign Centers with their secretaries, and an eleven-page history of the P.E.N. This was the first written testimony to most of the members of what the history of the organization had been. Overall, it emphasized the international character of P.E.N.

In 1948, the American Center was to host another Congress. Once again it experienced financial difficulties in the preparation of the Congress. By June of 1947, it had been clear that they could not afford to pay the transportation of the foreign delegates, although this was expected. It had also been increasingly clear that no Congress of any kind could be financed unless the Center were to get tax exemption. Frederic Melcher, a long-standing and faithful member of the P.E.N., went to Washington with a lawyer and was able, without a little trouble, to get it.

This tax exemption was very limited. It applied only to contributions to the fund for packages to Europe. Unfortunately, the following year, it was impossible to persuade the Internal Revenue Service that the American Center should be a tax-exempt organization, and equally impossible to collect contributions for the forthcoming Congress when they did not have tax exemption.

In October, 1947, a vote was passed to withdraw the invitation, which came as a great surprise to the Europeans, since it was both sudden and unexpected. It seemed that there would be no Congress at all in 1948, until the Danes, who had been planning for a Congress in 1950, offered to set their date back two years. This, of course, gave them very little time to make their preparations, but, nevertheless, they hosted a very successful Congress in Copenhagen.

This Congress of 1948 was of the greatest importance because it was there that the P.E.N. Charter came into being. It consisted of three articles that had been approved at Brussels in 1927 and reinforced at Dubrovnik in 1933, and a fourth article which put into final form the statement on censorship that had been discussed at so many Congresses.

The P.E.N. Charter was the stronghold that was to support the P.E.N. in so many later periods of stress. From then on, the Charter was "the central reality of the P.E.N., and it proved durable precisely because it had been built so slowly by so many conflicting opinions."

The Americans brought to this Congress an official letter explaining that "monetary restrictions" had made it necessary for the American Center to withdraw its invitation. Almost no one believed this. The general opinion was that the cancellation had been political and that the Americans were either unable or unwilling to welcome "Poles, Czechs, and others under Russian domination."

There was some truth in this, but equally true and more to the point was that the gap between the American Center and the International P.E.N. had been growing. Despite efforts to draw the American Center into the international web, most Americans had relatively little knowledge of what went on in Europe and cared even less.

The planners of the unsuccessful New York Congress knew very little about P.E.N. as a whole. They insisted that the "P" in P.E.N. stood for "publishers" as well as playwrights and poets; Herman Ould was obliged to write and explain that it did not. They called the upcoming event "the 13th Congress" when in effect it was the twentieth. It was a surprise for one member to learn that there was supposed to be a record of the proceedings, and also a surprise that the American Center was supposed to send a delegate to the meetings of the International Executive Committee.

The American Center continued to falter, not having much direction or energy. Meetings and dinners were poorly attended. Committees accomplished minor things occasionally when they had a specific goal, but for the most part no one knew how to revitalize the Center.

In 1949, however, it finally looked as though someone did know how to get the P.E.N. American Center on its feet. John Farrar became Chairman of the Admissions Committee, and worked vigorously, getting ninety-seven new members to join, compared to the twenty of the previous year.

In 1951, Farrar was willing to become President. He worked with much enthusiasm and cheer, unperturbed by the occasional letter from members criticizing P.E.N.'s weaknesses. He set up a myriad of new committees with hand-picked chairmen and attended them all. He kept everyone working hard during that summer, which was unusual because the summers were traditionally times of hibernation for the P.E.N.

The early Fifties enjoyed an increase in social activity, for many of the younger members had suggested giving informal buffet dinners to replace the formal ones. These were lively, and the atmosphere lent itself well to the controversial discussions that often took place. Instead of individual speakers, there were now panels, chosen with the intent that the participants would disagree with one another.

Cocktail parties was another suggestion made by the younger members which increased P.E.N.'s social activity. An occasional meeting of this kind had been held over the years, usually in the home of a member when there was a special guest visiting from abroad. In May of 1950, however, there had been a cocktail party at the Rockefeller Center to honor any member who had recently published a book, and another the following March. In both cases advance reservations had to be made.

In 1952, there were not only eight dinners, but twenty-six cocktail parties. Each gathering honored one or two guests, either important American authors for their recent books, or distinguished guests and members from abroad. Members were proud that they had the opportunity to entertain so many of their colleagues from other Centers, representing Asia, Europe, and South America, as well as other American cities. Most of these afternoon receptions were held at the Algonquin Hotel. Requests for reservations were dropped. Everyone except the guests of honor paid for their own drinks, and the emphasis was on informality and good fellowship.

The cocktail parties were one of the most valuable ideas to be introduced in 1951. "It supplied a pleasant and neutral meeting place where writers and editors from all overs the world could encounter each other casually without any complications." The main challenge was finding a suitable meeting place in these early years, and after trying the New Weston, the Algonquin, the Waldorf Astoria, the Sherry-Netherland, and the Ambassador Hotels, it finally settled on the Hotel Pierre in 1955. The gatherings have been there ever since.

One of the most significant aspects of these afternoon gatherings was that they clearly strengthened the international side of P.E.N. They made it easy for American writers to meet a Danish publisher or a Japanese novelist or an African poet, sometimes with the aid of an interpreter, a smattering of each other's language, and much good will. Occasionally the foreign writers came in groups. There was more than one literary delegation from Russia; in 1959, a group of seven young writers from abroad included a novelist who was almost unknown at the time: Gunter Grss. These were men and women whom the American membership would not normally have met, and the State Department made it clear how much it appreciated "all that P.E.N. has done....for so many of our visiting writers and journalists abroad....We are more grateful than I can say."

Welcoming visiting authors and editors from abroad was a great domestic accomplishment, but the American Center had to face its responsibilities of improving its relationship with International P.E.N., which had become "erratic." Money was always the obstacle when it came to the international realm. The meetings of the International Executive Committee and the Congresses themselves were almost always held in Europe, and as one member said mournfully in 1946, "For American writers to get there is so expensive, it is prohibitive." There was no way to pay travel expenses, since the membership dues barely paid for current expenses and could not be raised substantially because some of the best writers made the least money. The American Center, when it was represented, was sometimes poorly so, since often it was represented by an American who was planning to go abroad anyway but knew almost nothing about the P.E.N.

The problem had been repeatedly discussed at Board meetings, all to no avail, until May of 1954, when a letter was sent to the Board of Directors of the Fairfield Foundation, a small foundation which concerned itself with international affairs. It explained that the American Center wanted to send a delegate to the Amsterdam Congress, and asked the Foundation for $558, the cost of a round- trip flight. The check arrived six days later, and from that time on the Fairfield Foundation was willing to pay the travel expenses of the Congress delegates. Thus, the biggest obstacle preventing the American Center to meet its international obligations was surmounted.

The early Fifties was a time when P.E.N. American Center began to flourish. The vigorous domestic activities which had begun in 1951, coupled with the strengthening of its international relations due to the Fairfield Foundation, kept the Center moving steadily along the lines of which Galsworthy had dreamed. These changes helped P.E.N. gain better ground in Washington for getting tax exemption, which it achieved in 1956, in time for the London Congress.

Julius Isaacs, the distinguished New York jurist, was solely responsible for getting tax exemption. He stressed to the Treasury Department the history of International P.E.N. and the value of literary and educational work that the American Center was now able to do. The State Department recognized the value of the Center, and Isaacs was confident that the Treasury Department would, too. The application was filed on May 23, 1956, and granted on June 6, only ten working days later.

The importance of tax exemption was made very clear the following year, when the yearly Congress was to be held in Tokyo, the first time for one in Asia. Thanks to its new tax-exempt status, the American Center was given over ten thousand dollars by the Asia Foundation to send a group of writers, which included John Dos Passos, John Hersey, and Elizabeth Janeway. Also included was Elizabeth Gray Vining, who was to be guest of honor because she had been tutor to the Crown Prince.

The Fairfield Foundation had already made a grant of over five thousand dollars to pay for the transportation of two official delegates from the American Center as well as a second guest of honor. The two delegates were Elmer Rice, who had a worldwide reputation as a playwright, and Donald Keene, one of the most distinguished translators from the Japanese. The second guest of honor was John Steinbeck, who was loved in Japan and whose works were taught in its schools.

The Congress in Tokyo was very successful. Serious attention was given to the subject of translation. As Donald Keene pointed out, "Perhaps no people reads as much literature in translation as the Japanese....The most important work of the Congress was probably the resolution adopted on the subject." The general feeling was that P.E.N. should do everything in its power to raise the status of translators, and made five specific recommendations which included awarding prizes and training translators. All the delegates were in agreement of this resolution.

There was, however, a bitter confict that arose at this Congress regarding the Hungarian P.E.N. Center. The Hungarians had been in the forefront of the uprising against Communist rule in October 1956. When this revolt failed, the Austrian P.E.N. Center in Vienna found itself struggling with the pouring in of refugees. The American Center sent twelve hundred dollars to Vienna to help the Secretary there as much as possible to find food and shelter for the Hungarians.

Some of these Hungarian writers were able to get to the United States and work was found for them through various sponsoring organizations. The American Center sent a letter to each refugee to learn of his or her individual special needs. A small grant from the Fairfield Foundation made this possible.

When Tibor D ry, a Hungarian novelist who resisted both the Nazis and the Communists, was sentenced to prison along with twenty-three others, the Hungarian P.E.N. Center made no protest. This situation is what the Congress delegates faced in Tokyo. A resolution was on the agenda which stated that the Hungarian Center had violated the P.E.N. Charter by "its tacit support of the current regime and should be suspended." The President of the Hungarian Center had written a three-page justification of its position.

Two points of view among the delegates were equally supported with sincerity and energy. One point of view held that P.E.N. faced a time similar to the Dubrovnik Congress, that "great day....when P.E.N. stood firm to its values and ideals." The second was that which went along the lines of John Galsworthy's dream, which was, in E. M. Forster's words, to be immune to "the accidents of government, language, race, and color."

Both points of view were valid, and it was debated hotly. Finally, it was decided to suspend the Hungarian Center for the time being while the Committee of Five made a thorough investigation of the charges against it. This Committee of Five was comprised of members of international standing, and the following June it had reached an agreement. In relation to the political climate in Budapest at the time, the Committee found that the Hungarian Center had tried to maintain some order. They, therefore, decided to lift the suspension and "watch carefully what transpires."

In the end, after neither the Committee of Five nor the Board in the American Center could get a majority vote, the final instruction to the American delegates to the 1959 Congress at Frankfurt was to abstain in the vote on the Hungarian question.

Meanwhile, the International P.E.N. had continued to struggle for the release of Tibor D ry and Julius Hay, keeping up a constant pressure. In 1959, the American Center issued its own "call to conscience:" an open letter to the Hungarian government with 259 signatures. This letter was forwarded in December, 1959, to the United States delegate at the United Nations, and it received very wide publicity abroad. Not only was there no answer from Hungary, but the Hungarian government clearly stated that the P.E.N. would do well not to push for the release of prisoners.

In the spring of 1960, however, the news that D ry and Hay were released reached the American Center. There was no longer any question of where the Hungarian Center stood, and its new president was permitted to attend the Congress that year in Rio de Janeiro.

The Congress in Rio de Janeiro set up a permanent Writers in Prison Committee. It also passed a manifesto urging that released writers be permitted to return to work, as part of a general effort "to re-establish the freedom of writing wherever it is suppressed." Elmer Rice was the delegate to this Congress, which was very appropriate because he cared so much about the subject.

Back in 1958, Rice was elected unanimously and with great enthusiasm to become a Vice President of International P.E.N., the first time an American had held that post. It was a clear indication of how far the American Center had come in fulfilling its international obligations. This helped to greatly improve American P.E.N.'s international ties.

Another factor which strengthened the international ties was the Fairfield Foundation, which was able not only to send members to congresses but to send them to International Executive Committee Meetings as well. The American Center was also able to be represented at other meetings of international importance, such as the translators' conference held in Warsaw in 1958.

In 1959, a Translation Committee was set up. It was the result of editor and publisher Theodore Purdy's report on the possibility of an "organized program" on translation, which he delivered at the Warsaw Conference on translation the previous year. Purdy served as chairman of the committee which for the first four years included both writers and editors. The Committee was not concerned with technical and scientific translation; this was not within P.E.N.'s scope. Its concern was literary translation, and "its purpose was to give the translator at least some measure of the dignity and security that his function deserved." As the Polish Center President had stated at the Warsaw Conference, the translator "is moved by the same exaltations as the writer, when he is animated by the certainty that he works at something imperishable."

The energy of the Translation Committee was an important example of what kind of work the P.E.N. American Center could do now that it had regained momentum, vitality, and a sense of purpose. In May of 1960, the annual business meeting was a very well-attended, elegant, and international affair, with a long list of activities for the Secretary to report. The same meeting in May ten years earlier had been a poorly attended luncheon, and there was almost nothing for the Secretary to report on except four dinners, one cocktail party, and the "admirable job" done by the Admissions Committee. In a decade P.E.N. had accomplished much.

In 1963, two milestones were reached for the American Center. In May, the annual dinner for the transaction of business and the election of officers was held, and Harry Scherman of the Book-of- the-Month Club was presenting an award of a thousand dollars for the best translation into English of a foreign-language work of literature published during the year in America. One of the three judges was Lewis Galantiere, and he gave the address that evening, describing what the American Center already achieved in the field of translation and what it hoped to accomplish in the future.

The second milestone came in December: the Fairfield Foundation gave two thousand dollars toward the expenses of holding an International Congress in New York. The Foundation was too small to defray the entire cost of the Congress, but the two thousand dollars served as seed money so that other organizations could be approached in earnest.

In 1967, it was discovered that secret funding had been going on to fund the Congress. Although typically unwilling to help finance international cultural organizations, the United States Congress was willing to vote huge sums of money to the Central Intelligence Agency without demanding an accounting. The C.I.A. in turn passed some of the money on to small organizations with sterling reputations, and these organizations passed it on to "student, religious, union, cultural, and other groups" in support of a variety of international programs. Of course, there was an immediate uproar and much press given to the affair, since a "clandestine operation of this kind, and under such auspices, was clearly intolerable." A government committee was set up to devise some kind of alternate funding, but "failed to reach agreement on means of open public financing."

The Fairfield Foundation was one of the many organizations that were involved in this "web of interlocking foundations," as the New York Times called it. It had been getting some of its money from another foundation which was being supported by the C.I.A. As soon as this was learned, the Board of the American Center voted to end the relationship with the Fairfield Foundation and sent out this decision to the membership, making it understood how much it disapproved of the use of secret funds.

In 1963, there was no knowledge of this secret funding, of course, and the grant from the Fairfield Foundation was accepted with much gratitude. Preparations for the Congress were begun immediately, and in June it was possible to extend an invitation for a Congress in New York in 1966.

The P.E.N. American Center again experienced some difficulties with planning this Congress. The biggest problem, which surpassed that of financing it, was obtaining visas for many of the delegates. The policy of the government of the United States was "not to issue visas to writers who were suspected of being troublemakers, Communists, or otherwise unsuitable for entry."

It is one of the basic principles of P.E.N. that writers should never be judged by the activity of their governments, and Lewis Galantiere, President of the American Center at that time, started very early and very carefully to prepare the ground with the State Department. In June of 1965, he was officially informed that the Department would not object to the participation of a Cuban delegation at the Congress. (There had been concern that the Cuban Center would be refused entry since it was a Communist country and a deeply mistrusted enemy ever since the missile crisis.)

An invitation went out to the Cuban Center in the normal way, with a second invitation being sent to its President the same day. No reply was received in either case, but it was not the fault of the American Center if the Cuban Center could not exercise the same freedom.

At the Congress, the American Center sponsored a resolution which was passed unanimously. It put the P.E.N. on record as disapproving of "measures taken by any government which have the effect of preventing P.E.N. members from leaving their own country or entering a foreign country" in order to attend a P.E.N. meeting. The free movement of writers could sometimes be as important as the movement of free books, and with each victory came the greater possibility of subsequent ones.

The international tone of the New York Congress was largely due to Arthur Miller being the International President. He understood what the P.E.N. stood for, and he emphasized a vital point in his opening address on June 13th: "None of us comes here as a representative of his country. None of us is obliged to speak here as an apologist for his culture or his political system."

      Instead, it was the privilege of P.E.N. to offer all
      writers a `neutral ground, a kind of sanctuary,' where
      they could rest on a reality which had nothing to do with
      any political divisions~the stubborn, underlying sameness
      of the human spirit whatever the variety of forms in
      which it is expected.

On the closing day of the Congress, Roger Caillois spoke for UNESCO, of which P.E.N. is an affiliate. He was deeply impressed by the unremitting effort that had enabled such a wide representation of writers to be able to attend the Congress, and he felt that this had contributed greatly to the "magnificent success of the Congress."

The Congress of 1966 achieved a number of important things. One was the P.E.N. charter put into action: "the unhampered transmission of thought within each nation and between all nations." The whole ideology of the P.E.N. rested on this. This was best shown when Carlos Fuentes, a Mexican novelist who had been invited as an observer to the Congress, was at first denied permission to enter the United States. His name was on a list of foreigners who were considered "undesirable." The American Center protested immediately to the State Department; Fuentes sent his "profound gratitude," noting that "once more P.E.N. has proved its immense value as an active force in defense of the freedom of writers."

Fuentes was both shocked and impressed by what he saw at the Congress: "the improbable spectacle of 500 writers~conservatives, anarchists, communists, liberals, socialists~meeting, not to underline their differences or to enunciate their dogmas, but to....bear witness to the existence of a community of the spirit while accepting the diversity of intentions."

Another achievement was the increased sense of energy the Congress gave the American Center, and the old dream of having a central headquarters began to revive. The picture that was imagined was more space, a full-time secretary, and enough money to undertake projects on which even the most willing volunteers could not work unaided. Interest in the P.E.N. was now very high and a great many new members had joined, but the possibilities for growth were being stunted for lack of room.

In January of 1967, a task force was set up to address the problem of lack of space. It consisted of the president, Lewis Galantiere; secretary, Marshall Best; and treasurer, Julius Isaacs. This task force, which soon changed its name to the Development Committee, drew up a careful, detailed plan based on the acquisition of a downtown headquarters and a full-time, paid, executive secretary. This was dependent on money, and so an application for funds was made to the National Council on the Arts.

In recent years the United States Congress had been rearranging its priorities, making it possible to receive official support from the government. The National Council on the Arts had been one of the major supporters of the New York Congress, and it was pleased with the plan for the future that was submitted to it by the Development Committee in 1967. In November of that year, the Council agreed to a grant of twenty thousand dollars if P.E.N. could raise the matching sum.

P.E.N. could and did, and on May 20, 1968, the Board paid a formal visit to the first permanent headquarters that the American Center had ever had: two large rooms on the second floor of an office building at Fifth Avenue and 20th Street. At the same time, the Board met Kirsten Michalski, the full-time executive secretary.

The existence of its own office space made it possible for the Center to change some of its traditional patterns of social activity. The only event that remained unchanged was the giving of the tremendously successful afternoon receptions at the Hotel Pierre. The dinners, however, were discontinued without much regret because they were no longer needed. The prices of the dinners had been steadily increasing, and, as one member put it, "The cocktail parties provide an occasion to talk to more people and have a better time, at a more convenient hour and less expense." The only dinner that remained was the one in May, which included the annual business meeting and the annual giving of the prize for translation.

The best example of the expansion of P.E.N.'s activities that was made possible by its new headquarters was the sudden surge of activity with the Translation Committee. Over the years this committee settled into an orderly but not very energetic pace. It selected the judges and made the arrangements for the annual Translation Prize, but initiated very few projects, and its meetings grew more and more infrequent.

In the spring of 1969, Robert Payne became chairman of the Translation Committee, turning its meetings into frequent, energetic, well-attended gatherings. Distinguished translators met and argued, sometimes all at once in their excitement. By September 1969, a Manifesto on Translation had been drawn up and ready for distribution at the Menton Congress that month. It contained specific plans that the Committee had made to do something about the typical lack of respect for translators.

The main item on its agenda was an ambitious project to bring together forty translators to participate in the first Conference on the subject ever to be held in the United States. Although it would be an expensive and difficult undertaking, it was so appealing that the problem was unimportant. Through the hard work of volunteers, staff, the Executive Secretary Kirsten Michalski, and the Corresponding Secretary Barbara Rice Jones, the Conference became a reality on May 11, 1970.

Twelve of the translators came from abroad and the rest, many of them foreigners, came from various parts of the United States. Each of them had prepared a paper on a special problem in connection with translation, ranging from Gaelic to Yiddish. Thirty-nine of these papers were given in five days, with discussions after each one and many fascinated private conversations. The participants were "in their element"~ they loved their work, were among their peers, and gave their best.

Just before the end of the Conference, the American Center held its annual May dinner and the Translation Prize was never given in a more festive atmosphere. All of the Conference members were guests of honor, and this time the award not only included a check for a thousand dollars, but also a gold medal. The winner was Sidney Alexander, who had presented a paper on the difficult art of translating from Renaissance Italian.

The following year, the May dinner was again a special occasion for translators. The Conference papers had been printed as a book called The World of Translation. It had only just come off the press, but the printers were so excited by the occasion that they managed to bind twenty-five copies and deliver them personally in order to be available in time for the dinner. Over one hundred dinner guests assembled at the Hotel Dorset, and they had the first opportunity to look at the publication. Then copies went out to the contributors, who started, each in turn, a widening circle.

Four years after the enormous success of the Translation Conference in 1970, the American Center held a Latin-American Translation Conference from June 10 to 12, 1974. The speakers were Gregory Rabassa; Alfred A. Knopf, who gave the opening remarks; Julio Cort zar, Sara Blackburn, Jerzy Kosinski, Kate Medina, Pedro Juan Soto, Nelida Pi$"n, Demetrio Aguilera-Malta, Ronald Christ, Roberto Gonz lez Echeverria, John Macrae III, and others.

Another Latin-American Conference was held by the American Center from February 7 to 8, 1980. Another successful event, it consisted of an impressive list of participants, including Elizabeth Bishop (U.S.A.), Jorge Alguilar (Puerto Rico), Jorge Amado (Brazil), Octavio Arman (Cuba), Augusto Roa Bastos (Paraguay), Augusto Boal (Brazil), Jorge Luis Borges (Argentina), Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Cuba), Ronald Christ (U.S.A.), Ramsey Clark (U.S.A.), Julio Cort zar (Argentina), Michel Foucault (France), Carlos Fuentes (Mexico), Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Mexico), Anthony Lewis (U.S.A.), Arthur Miller (U.S.A.), Victor Navasky (U.S.A.), Juan Onetti (Paraguay), Octavio Paz (Mexico), Nellida Pi$"n (Brazil), Pedro Juan Soto (Puerto Rico), William Styron (U.S.A.), Matilde Urrutia (Chile), Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru), and Derek Walcott (Trinidad), among others.

The aim of this Conference was to examine the effect various Latin American political climates have on Latin American writers. Thus, it was titled, "An Inquiry into Literary Politics and Climate in Latin America." The panels were aptly titled, "The Politics of Torture," "Habeas Corpus and Los Desaparecidos," "Interior Exiles," "Exterior Exiles," and "Publication."

In the early Seventies, the Writers in Prison Committee of the American Center was showing plenty of energy in protesting injustice to writers in the United States. In May of 1971, the chairman of this Committee, Thomas Fleming, became the new President of the Center, and described the Committee's work as "the single most important thing we do." P.E.N. was in a position to protest instantly and consistently any harrassment of a writer or the suppression of his writing, which was an obligation the American Center had been taking with increasing seriousness. This marked how far P.E.N. had come on this issue, and how long the members of P.E.N. had been concerned about it. It was in 1935 that Henry Seidel Canby, as a delegate to the P.E.N. Congress in Barcelona, had drawn attention to the imprisonment of a writer in Haiti and had asked the Congress to protest.

In 1971, P.E.N. celebrated its fiftieth year at the Congress in Dublin. What made this Congress special was the contrasting views of two International Presidents. The outgoing President looked backward as a philosopher; the incoming President looked ahead as a man of action. Between them, they managed to encompass the basic realities of P.E.N.

The outgoing President was Pierre Emmanuel of the French Center, a poet, member of the French Academy and "child of the old European humanism." He called the continued existence of P.E.N. a "miracle of precariousness," and used the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary for taking stock. He no longer believed in the authority of European civilization which, before the rise of Hitler, dominated the world's intellectual life. The Burning of the Books in 1933 marked the end of that era. His retreat from the old theory of European dominance gave his speech an "autumnal" quality.

The incoming International President of P.E.N. was Heinrich Bll of the West German Center, "whose energy was matched by his dislike of arrogance in any form." In his speech he welcomed the "nations coming into history now after having for so long been treated with contempt by the dominant West." His own Center reinforced his words, as it had already set up a relationship with factory workers whose ways of expressing themselves proved to be more original and more effective than the diction of the factory owners.

When Bll turned to the subject of the struggle to free writers from prison, he could only advise P.E.N. never to be discouraged. One of the most constructive acts of the past year had been the establishment of an emergency fund by the Dutch Center to be used for both the families of writers in prison and the writers themselves if censorship had taken away their livelihood. Individuals and Centers make donations to this fund.

P.E.N.'s devotion to the struggle to free writers from prison continued unabated into the Seventies and Eighties, with the Freedom to Write program as one of its prime examples. The committee included such members as Dore Ashton, acting as chair, and Geoffrey Rips as the Freedom to Write coordinator. Other members on the committee included Edward Albee, Ronald Christ, Lucy Kavaler, Tom Fleming, Tristram Coffin, Francine du Plessix Gray, Allen Ginsberg, Arthur Miller, Talat Halman, Bernard Malamud, and Ken McCormick. This Committee was responsible for investigating cases of imprisoned writers in many different countries around the world, including Chile, Czechoslovakia, Korea, the Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Taiwan, South Africa, Turkey, the USSR, and virtually anywhere else on the planet where writers were incarcerated. P.E.N. would then protest these cases along with other human rights organizations, as they had done in the past. For example, an inquiry from the American Center went out to the Dutch P.E.N. Center on September 28, 1976, concerning a Dutch journalist Peter Custers, who was imprisoned in Bangladesh. He was released shortly afterwards. On October 7, 1976, a letter was sent by the American Center to the U.N. Mission, congratulating the Bangladesh government on the release of Custers and requesting information on the status of other writers imprisoned in Bangladesh. A similar approach was taken with all other cases, and it was partly due to P.E.N.'s aggressive and relentless pursuit of each individual case which resulted in the release of so many prisoners.

Other work that P.E.N. did during the same time was the implementation of its Prison Writing Program. Each year, P.E.N. accepted and reviewed original writing entries from convicted prisoners across the country in the categories of fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and drama. P.E.N. would then award first prize, second prize, and two honorable mentions to entrants in each category. The purpose of this program was to recognize and foster the creative urge in individuals typically cut off and shunned from society. It was also meant as a vehicle for rehabilitation. Another aspect of the Prison Writing Program was the sponsoring of creative writing courses for prisoners given by a famous writer, usually a P.E.N. member. These classes took place in a classroom setting within the prison.

P.E.N. always had been, and remains to this day, deeply interested in the subject of censorship. In the Seventies and Eighties, the repression of writers' freedom of speech was going on close to home almost as much as in the rest of the world, and P.E.N. was no less involved in these domestic problems as it was overseas. As with writers in prison, P.E.N. kept close watch on individual cases of harassment across the United States. One good example is P.E.N.'s involvement in the protection of the underground press when it was being politically harassed in the Seventies. The American Center kept track of scores of cases of small struggling newspapers which were continually threatened out of existence by the government. At the hub of all this was Allen Ginsberg, who did much to keep the fight going for the underground press.

One of the largest, most publicized, censorship struggles P.E.N. faced was the 1981 case of Island Trees Union Free School District Board of Education versus Steven A. Pico, a student. Pico and four other students, with their parents, charged that the Board had violated their constitutional rights by "improperly removing" from its school library shelves nine books, which personally offended the Board's sensibilities. Four of these nine books were authored by P.E.N. members: The Fixer by Bernard Malamud; Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut; Down These Mean Streets by Piri Thomas; and A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich by Alice Childress. The other five works were A Reader for Writers, edited by Jerome Archer; The Naked Ape by Desmond Morris; Best Short Stories by Negro Writers, edited by Langston Hughes; Soul on Ice by Eldridge Cleaver; and Go Ask Alice by an anonymous author. Unfortunately for P.E.N., the Board was upheld by Judge George C. Pratt of U.S. District Court of the Eastern District of New York in Westbury, Long Island, stating that, although it could be construed as a "misguided" educational decision, the Board did not directly violate the First Amendment, and that the board of any educational institution had a responsibility to uphold the values and morals of the community in which it was based.

International P.E.N. congresses continued into the Seventies and Eighties with as much success and enthusiasm as the previous years, many times twice a year, typically in the spring and the fall. All of them were very well attended, perhaps because there were more P.E.N. centers around the world than ever before and also because the International P.E.N. was a well-respected organization. The congresses still addressed the issues of writers in prison and censorship, as well as themes of a more literary nature.

The next congress for the American Center to host was in the beginning of 1986, the first New York congress in twenty years. The Congress of 1966 was regarded by International P.E.N. as the most spectacular in its history, and so the new program committee, consisting of Norman Mailer, William Styron, and Kurt Vonnegut, worked diligently to make the upcoming congress every bit as successful as its predecessor.

By this time, it was clear that P.E.N.'s difficulties in financing a congress were behind it, thanks to the support from a multitude of foundations and corporations which alleviated much of the burden of expenses. These included the Aaron Diamond Foundation, the American Express Foundation, American Standard Foundation, CBS, Inc., the Ford Foundation, the Educational Foundation of America, the General Electric Foundation, Lufthansa Airlines, the New York State Council on the Arts, Pan Am, and the Rockefeller Foundation.

One of the American Center's own fundraising efforts for the 48th Congress was the P.E.N. Celebration, a series of eight Sunday evenings in the Fall of 1985 in which two writers, each evening, would read, perform, and perhaps even introduce a mystery guest. The affair started out at the Booth Theater on Broadway, but moved to the Royale on West 45th Street due to lack of space. Considered an unprecedented theatrical event, it was publicized widely to the general public. The event included Saul Bellow, Eudora Welty, Issac Bashevis Singer, Alice Walker, William F. Buckley, John Irving, Susan Sontag, Kurt Vonnegut, Joan Didion, Tom Wolfe, Norman Mailer, Gore Vidal, Arthur Miller, William Styron, Woody Allen, and John Updike. Money from the tickets went directly toward financing the Congress, and contributors' names were listed in the Congress Program the following January. The P.E.N. Celebration was an excellent way to inform the general public about P.E.N. as an organization and its congresses and to increase the public's literary awareness. Another way it reached the general public was through the special television program called "Storytellers," a film made of the P.E.N. Celebration. It aired on Channel 13 in the spring of 1987.

The actual Congress was a huge affair, with scores of American and foreign writers attending. The theme was "The Writer's Imagination and the Imagination of the State." Per Wastberg of the Swedish Center, the International President at the time, delivered the opening session, along with George P. Schultz, Kenneth Galbraith, Vartan Gregorian, and Norman Mailer. Norman Mailer spoke some very stirring words to this congress:

      One purpose of our P.E.N. Congress will be to enhance
      relations rather than smash them. We are not going to
      seek for invidious comparisons of governments. P.E.N. was
      founded on the attractive notion that writers speak
      across national boundaries more gracefully and
      instinctively than governments. So when they get together
      there is, one may hope, a real possibility that new
      solutions, even surprisingly creative solutions, can be
      found. The writer possesses or is possessed by
      imagination, and life is generated by this
      imagination...the state possesses an imagination of its
      own...We suggest that these two imaginations are for the
      most part in radical conflict all over the world and such
      conflict is one of the most important issues facing the
      writer in the 1980s.

Some of the American guests included Elizabeth Hardwick, Norman Lear, Donald Keene, Toni Morrison, Sam Shepard, and William Styron. The special guests included, among others, Gay Talese, John Updike, Kurt Vonnegut, Hilma Wolitzer, and Philip Roth.

Foreign attendants came from every corner of the globe, such as Australia, Vietnam, Thailand, New Zealand, Korea, Taiwan, China, and the Philippines. Almost every Eastern and Western European country was represented, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Israel, Lebanon, Latvia, and Palestine. South American, Canadian, Egyptian, and South African writers were also there, as well as delegates from the Scandinavian countries.

Foreign guests of honor included Kobo Abe (Japan), Adonis (Lebanon), Isabel Allende (Chile), Jorge Amado (Brazil), Manilo Arqueta (El Salvador), Margaret Atwood (Canada), Kofi Awooner (Ghana), Juan Benet (Spain), Breyten Breytenbach (South Africa), Omar Cabezas (Nicaragua), Sandor Csoori (Hungary), Mahmud Darwish (Palestine), and many more, proving that this was a truly international Congress. There were many others who were invited but who refused for one reason or another.

During the Seventies and into the late Eighties the P.E.N. American Center provided a number of annual awards to writers, including the Ernest Hemingway Award, the Faulkner Award, and the Roger Klein Award, all of which are still presently given. There were also several awards given at this time which are now defunct, such as the American Scandinavian Foundation (A.S.F.) Translation Prize, a Dutch Translation Prize, a Japanese Translation Award, the Lucille Medwick Memorial Award, and the Scheaffer Eaton Award.

The Ernest Hemingway Foundation Award gives $6,000 to the most distinguished first book of fiction. In 1979, some controversy surrounded the award given to Reuben Bercovich, author of Hasen, a work about two boys in Nazi Germany. However, the author claimed that his first novel was Odette, published in 1973 by Ashley Books, a small house on Long Island, and did not want to win the award under false pretenses. The American Center, unaware that Bercovich had written a previous work, immediately called Knopf, who had been publicizing Hasen as his first novel. Knopf replied that Odette was considered "faction" (fiction woven around factual information) which put it in a classification with nonfiction. P.E.N. had no intention of rescinding the award because it was not aware of Odette's existence until after the award was given. P.E.N. gave the explanation that the work still fell within their guidelines for qualification because it was published by a small house which did "vanity" publishing: the author paying to have his work published.

The Faulkner Award, established by P.E.N. South in 1981, is given to the best work of fiction for the year. The winner receives $5,000 and each of the other nominees receives $1,000. Six books were nominated for the award in 1982: Sixty Stories by Donald Barthelme; Take Me Back by Richard Bausch; The Chaneysville Incident by David Bradley; Ellis Island and Other Stories by Mark Helprin; Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson; and A Flag for Sunrise by Robert Stone. The award for 1982 was given to David Bradley for The Chaneysville Incident. P.E.N. calls the Faulkner Prize "the first American fiction award to be judged, administered, and partly financed by America's leading writers."

The Nelson Algren Award is given for the best uncompleted novel or short story collection by an American writer who needs financial assistance to complete the work. The award was instituted in 1983 by writers Kay Boyle and Studs Terkel in memory of the late Nelson Algren, author of the classic American novels The Man With the Golden Arm and Walk on the Wild Side. In addition to the $1,000 cash stipend, winners are given a month-long residence at "The Barn," the Edward Albee Foundation's summer residence for writers and artists at Montauk, Long Island. Jack Driscoll of Interlochen, Michigan, won the award in 1988 for his collection of somewhat connected stories, Hermit Journals. The judges also gave two honorary mentions that year. One went to Sharon Dilworth, also of Michigan, for a collection of short stories, and the other to Rick Bass from Troy, Montana, for Where the Sea Used to Be, the first part of a trilogy he is working on.

The Roger Klein Award is awarded annually to a trade book editor for creative editing based upon a body of work over at least three years, but not excluding recognition of an editor's contribution to a specific book. Qualifications include: strengthening and enriching a publishing house by adding important authors and books to the list, developing ideas for books, perfecting manuscripts through skillful editing, working with authors, and being involved creatively in the entire publishing process. The award is intended to honor an editor for recognizing writing talent and helping talented writers to realize their full potential. Excluded from the award are textbook, magazine, and children's book editors as well as editors involved exclusively with reprint programs. A cash prize of $1,000 and a scroll and/or plaque is given, with the right to withhold the award during a year when it may not be applicable.

The award is so named in memory of Roger Klein (1937 to 1968), for seven years an editor at Harper and Row and for shorter periods of time a senior editor at Coward-McCann, Macmillan, and E. P. Dutton. An unusually talented editor, he possessed a deep knowledge of several cultures and languages, wide and original interests, and above all a highly developed dedictation to his profession. American and European literature, history, politics, the theater, and society were all of tremendous concern to him, and, as all outstanding editors do, he shared his insights and enthusiasms with his colleagues and the authors with whom he worked. Various nominees for the award included Catherine Carver, Anne Freedgood, Jonathan Galassi, Jane Rosenman, and Pat Strachan, all for 1982; Amanda Vaill was nominated for 1982 and 1984.

P.E.N. came into existence because a few held an optimistic dream that they worked hard to make a reality. P.E.N. continues to derive its support from such people. They exemplify what Emmanuel called "the miraculous conviction of all the members that they are, each one in his place and as best he can, witnesses and servants of a truth, simple in their eyes, expressed by mankind's most meaningful words: freedom, peace, understanding, mutual respect, humanity."

Collection Description

Scope Note

Also included are P.E.N.'s files on its various domestic and international programs, such as fundraising, Prison Writing Program and Syndicated Fiction Project, as well as many funds to aid foreign writers, such as the Refugee and Relief Funds.

P.E.N.'s congress material covers both international congresses (arranged by city) and those hosted by the American Center (by year). Transcripts of congress sessions are present, as well as audiovisual material of various congresses.

In addition, the Archives contain material on grants and awards, with both printed and related correspondence; files of international committees of P.E.N. American Center; correspondence with international Centers and domestic branches of the P.E.N.; miscellaneous publications, newspapers, and writings; and audiovisual material.

Arrangement

      The archives have been arranged in the following series:

      I. Governance
     II. Membership
    III. Programs of P.E.N. American Center
         A. Domestic
         B. International
     IV. Congresses
         A. General Material
         B. International (by city)
         C. Hosted by P.E.N. American Center (by year)
     V. Grants and Awards
         A. General Files
         B. Copies of Book
         C. Awards
     VI. International Committees of P.E.N. American Center
         A. "Committee of Five"
         B. International Executive Committee: 1959-1966
         C. League of American Writers
         D. South American Committee
         E. Translation Committee
         F. War Committees
    VII. Centers of International P.E.N.
   VIII. Branches of P.E.N. American Center
         A. By City
         B. By Region
     IX. Publications and Writings
         A. American P.E.N. magazine
         B. "Catalonia Today" text
         C. P.E.N. history (manuscript and copies of book)
         D. Newspapers
         E. Notebooks
         F. "Poets for Life: 74 Poets Respond to Aids" (manuscript copy)
         G. Publications (censorship, conferences, translation, etc.)
      X. Audiovisual Material (oversize boxes)
     XI. Miscellaneous Material

Added Entries

    People:

    Corporate Bodies:

    Subjects (in uppercase) / Forms (in upper and lowercase):

Series Descriptions

I. Governance (1920s-1980s) [Boxes 1-18]

II. Membership (1927-1991) [Boxes 19-36]

Also included are administrative correspondence relating to addresses, dues, transfer of membership, misspellings of names, and "goofs" on membership. There is correspondence of John Mason Brown, Henry Seidel Canby, Carl Carmer, and Robert Nathan, four P.E.N. Presidents; of C. A. Dawson Scott and John Galsworthy, the original founders of P.E.N.; of Executive Board members; of Rita Halle Kleeman; and of Frederic A. Melcher. There is material on deaths of members, drives for members, dues, form letters on membership, and hesitations about joining.

More acceptance letters are listed under "l", because they were filed by P.E.N. as "letters of acceptance" instead of "acceptance letters." Membership enquiries and lists are present, as well as complaints, problems, suggestions and requests made by members. There are nominations for membership, queries on standards of admission, requests for membership lists, and refusals of membership. Also contains rejections, resignations, the return of members who would like to be re-instated as active members, and two folders called "V. I. P. letters." These letters, written by members, deal with a variety of subjects, from the payment of dues to election to membership. Among others, the members include Edward Albee, Maxwell Aley, Sherwood Anderson, Sholem Asch, Louis Auchincloss, W. H. Auden, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Jimmy Carter, John Dos Passos, T. S. Eliot, Allen Ginsberg, John Hersey, Langston Hughes, Robert Lowell, Norman Mailer, Thomas Mann, Somerset Maugham, Carson McCullers, Anais Nin, Katherine Anne Porter, Elmer Rice, Susan Sontag, Wallace Stegner, Adlai E. Stevenson, Kurt Vonnegut, Robert Penn Warren, Eudora Welty, E. B. White, John Updike, Thornton Wilder, Richard Wright, John Steinbeck, and James Thurber.

III. Programs of P.E.N. American Center (1930s-1990) [Boxes 37-139]

    A. Domestic [Boxes 37-85]

        1. P.E.N. Auction [Box 37]

        2. Fundraising [Boxes 38-45]

Also contains material on publicity, procedures, funraising, committees, financial reports, lists of donors, a list of America's wealthiest, a list of rich writers, events descriptions, and many names associated with fundraising, such as Kurt Vonnegut, Roslyn and William Targ, Paul Steiner, Arthur Raybin, and more.

Some miscellaneous material appears at the end of the section, included printed matter, correspondence, and information on funding.

        3. Hospitality [Boxes 46-50]

        4. "Liberty Denied" [Boxes 51-54]

In addition, there is a copy of Demac's book, a manuscript copy, and miscellaneous material including newspaper clippings, notes, copies of Censorship News, published congressional hearings, and a copy of We the People: a Review of U.S. Government and Civics Textbooks.

        5. Prison Writing Program [Boxes 55-75]

        6. Syndicated Fiction Project [Boxes 76-78]

        7. Writer's Fund [Boxes 79-82]

        8. Miscellaneous activities and programs [Boxes 83-85]

Also found are files on book fairs in San Francisco on July 2nd to 4th, 1975, other miscellaneous book fairs, and activities for the 1974 Book Fair.

Other activities include "Crisis in Criticism," a panel discussion; dinner meetings, 1966-1969; a dinner questionnaire of 1968; and files on editorial censorship, including a survey and panel discussion of 1975 and survey responses; a survey on the income of writers; a Near Eastern literature conference sponsored by Princeton University and the P.E.N. American Center on May 18th to 22nd, 1976, including printed programs, photographs of Kurt Vonnegut and others, background information consisting of books and booklets on the Near East Foundation, such as the Macedonia Review, Number 3, 1975; a Xeroxed selection of Near Eastern poems and short stories; Conference proceedings; files on Princeton's involvement as a co-sponsor; correspondence with Near Eastern and American speakers, such as Arthur Miller, Jerzy Kosinski, John Updike, Edward Albee, Kurt Vonnegut, W. S. Merwin, and others; and special invitations.

Additional files consist of Nobel Prize nominations, the "P.E.N.-in-the-City" program, and material on P.E.N. radio.

    B. International [Boxes 86-139]

        1. Author questionnaire [Box 86]

        2. Censorship [Boxes 87-99]

Other files include writers and editors imprisoned in Paraguay, the Latin American Writer's Conference in May 1975, Underground Press "hassles;" problems in Uruguay and West Germany, and miscellaneous newspaper and magazine articles.

        3. Embargo on Trade with Germany [Box 100]

        4. International P.E.N. Emergency Fund [Box 100]

        5. European P.E.N. in America [Box 100]

        6. P.E.N. Exhibit [Boxes 101-102]

        7. Foreign Writers [Box 103]

Also found is similar correspondence with and about Latin American writers from 1937 to 1966 and P.E.N. American members' hospitality to these writers.

A third category is P.E.N.'s involvement with Russian writers from 1927 to 1968 and a general writers' visit in 1975. Included are letters with Russian writers as well as with other P.E.N. members regarding Russian writers in exile, a direct exchange of books between American and Soviet writers, and invitations extended to Russian writers to come to the United States (1963 to 1965).

        8. Freedom to Write [Boxes 104-125]

Also included is a subdivision of the Freedom to Write project called Writers in Prison. This section consists of material on posters about writers in prison, printed yearly from 1973 to 1976; press releases, signatures, and mailing lists, and copies of the posters; "Freedom of Expression" lectures; and material on Vietnam including clippings, correspondence, and files on various imprisoned Vietnamese writers.

The Freedom to Write project also includes correspondence related to its newsletter Number 48 and an alphabetical card file of P.E.N. members and writers in prison. The members' cards include what languages they know and other vital information. The writers in prison cards show the date of their arrest and dates of their involvement with P.E.N. These are filed alphabetically by country.

        9. Fund for Intellectual Freedom [Box 126]

        10. Information Charts [Box 127]

        11. J.D.R. 3rd Fund [Box 127]

        12. P.E.N. Prize Novel [Box 127]

        13. P.E.N. Refugee Fund [Box 128]

        14. P.E.N. Relief Fund [Boxes 129-131]

        15. Rules and Charter [Box 131]

        16. Russian Appeals [Box 132]

        17. Translation Conferences [Boxes 133-138]

        18. Writers in Exile [Box 139]

        19. Writers in Residence [Box 139]

IV. Congresses [Boxes 140-189]

    A. General Material [Box 140]

    B. International (by city) [Boxes 140-142]

    B. International (by year) [Boxes 143-151]

    C. Hosted by P.E.N. American Center (by year) [Boxes 152-189]

        1. Congress of 1939

        2. Congress of 1948 (attempted)

        3. Congress of 1966

Other files include those on Arthur Miller, containing correspondence, newspaper clippings, and photographs; correspondence and grant information from the National Council on the Arts; floor plans and catering contracts of New York University; material on photography including a photograph of Saul Bellow; files on Congress planning; press clippings, releases, and coverage; the printing and planning of the program; proceedings; files on publicity; correspondence with publishers such as Jovanovich and Taplinger; miscellaneous queries; receptions at the United Nations; refusals from foundations; and round table papers.

The Congress, whose theme was "The Writer as Independent Spirit," was featured in the June 4, 1966, issue of the Saturday Review, of which there are three copies. There is also a published proceedings of the Congress with the same title.

Also included is material on Soviet observers who attended the Congress, sponsors, staff, the State Department, the Steering Committee, technical equipment, and volunteers.

At the end of the series is an alphabetical card file of international P.E.N. Centers (listed by country), a card file of American delegates (listed by name), Xeroxed duplicates of Round Tables 1 to 4 in the Congress proceedings, and original Congress transcripts.

        4. 48th Congress (1986)

Consists of files on American participants and special guests, arranged alphabetically by name, including John Barth, Allen Ginsberg, Elizabeth Hardwick, Edmund Keeley, Galway Kinnell, Norman Lear, Bernard Malamud, Toni Morrison, Joyce Carol Oates, Sam Shepard, Susan Sontag, William Styron, Gay Talese, John Updike, Philip Roth, and others; files of American P.E.N. members (alphabetical by name); American P.E.N. members who did not register or attend; assembly business; catering; the Congress schedule; general correspondence; and correspondence on the lecture tour, with the Soviet Union, with the State Department, and with the United Nations.

Consists also of files on the development of the Congress, such as advisors, a guest of honor list, guidelines, initial planning, literary panels, an organizing checklist, the proposal made by the American Center to potential supporters of the Congress, the Congress theme, and the Program Committee.

There are alphabetical files of donors, a file on entertainment at the Lincoln Center, files of foreign attendants (alphabetical by country), of foundations including Aaron Diamond, American Express, CBS, Inc., Ford, General Electric, Lufthansa Airlines, Putnam, the Rockefeller Foundation, and others, and fundraising information.

Also includes alphabetical files of guests of honor, listed by name. Some of these many guests were Isabel Allende (Chile), Jorge Amado (Brazil), Yehuda Amichai (Israel), Margaret Atwood (Canada), Juan Benet (Spain), Nadine Gordimer (South Africa), Gunter Grass, (West Germany), Amos Oz (Israel), Salman Rushdie (England), and Claude Simon (France). There are guest of honor refusals, listed alphabetically by name, including Simone de Beauvoir (France), Heinrich Boll (West Germany), Jorge L. Borges (Argentina), Anthony Burgess (England), Umberto Eco (Italy), Carlos Fuentes (Mexico), Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Columbia), Graham Greene (England), Seamus Heaney (Ireland), Zbigniew Herbert (Poland), Eugene Ionesco (France), Yasar Kamal (Turkey), Doris Lessing (England), Ernesto Sabato (Argentina), Tom Stoppard (England), and Marguerite Yourcenar (France).

Files regarding hotels and space, individuals (arranged alphabetically), correspondence with international secretaries and Vice Presidents, agendas, preparation and summary resolutions, and cables of the International P.E.N. Assembly of Delegates held in New York, January 14, 1986, are also present. There are minutes of executive and other meetings, and correspondence and lists of names and addresses regarding Congress parties.

A large amount of material pertains to the P.E.N. Celebration, a series of eight Sunday evenings through the fall of 1985, featuring sixteen of America's best-known writers at the Booth Theatre, New York. This program was installed as a way to raise money for the Congress the following January, and as a public relations scheme. Included are files on the participants: Woody Allen, Saul Bellow, William F. Buckley, Joan Didion, John Irving, Norman Mailer, Arthur Miller, I. B. Singer, Susan Sontag, William Styron, John Updike, Gore Vidal, Kurt Vonnegut, Alice Walker, Eudora Welty, and Tom Wolfe. Also found are brochure requests, hotel bookings, a documentary, a film by Frank Perry, individual ticket requests, material on parties, photographs, press and publicity correspondence, press releases, video requests, and more.

More Congress files include those on general press, publicity, and printing, including Assembly place cards, portfolio contents, and the Congress banner; and correspondence with the Congress publicist Lynn Goldberg on costs, invoices, and press release drafts. There are files of the Publisher Committee containing letters to publishers like Tina Brown of Vanity Fair magazine and Dick Snyder of Simon and Schuster, Inc. Also included are Congress reading schedules and registration.

Consists also of copies of remarks made by Congress participants (alphabetical, by name), such as John Barth, Mahmoud Darwish, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, John Kenneth Galbraith, Robert Hughes, Ishmael Reed, Rose Styron, Gay Talese, and Adam Zagajewski; a copy and the original of the opening ceremony transcript and related papers; and the closing address by Hans Magnus Enzensberger and closing remarks by Per Wastberg.

Near the end of the general material section, there are copies of Congress reports, requests for proceedings, resolutions passed, a file on security, special foreign guests Hans Christoph Buch and Rosario Murillo, special invitees, job applications of Congress staff, and invitations to be honored guests sent to statesmen such as Val ry Giscard d'Estaing, Roy Jenkins, Arthur Schlesinger, Helmut Schmidt, George P. Schultz, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, and others.

Additional information includes material on translation of the Congress by interpreters, transportation by bus and air, and women writers who were invited to the Congress but declined, such as Americans Ursula LeGuin, Alice Walker, Eudora Welty, Francine du Plessix Gray, and Barbara Tuchman, and foreigners Simone de Beauvoir, Marguerite Duras, Doris Lessing, Iris Murdoch, Wislawa Szymborska, Elena Poniatowska, and Christa Wolf.
b. Session Topics

Session Topics consist of originals and copies of Congress sessions, alphabetically arranged by title, including "Alienation and the State," "American Fiction and Poetry," "Censorship," "Children's Literature," "Criticism," "How Does the State Imagine," "In Opposition," "Problems of National Identity," "Problems of the Theater," "Science Fiction," "The Statesman's View of the Imagination of the State," "Translating Walt Whitman," "Translation: National and International," "U.S. Hispanic Literature in the Anglo-American Empire," "The Utopian Imagination," and "Summation." The closing session and Appendices are also present, as well as a complete text of session topics and extra copies.

V. Grants and Awards [Boxes 190-205]

    A. General Files [Boxes 190-193]

    B. Grants and Awards Available to American Writers[Boxes 194-195]

    C. Awards [Boxes 196-205]

        1. P.E.N./Ernest Hemingway Award.

        2. The P.E.N./Faulkner Award

        3. The P.E.N./Nelson Algren Award

        4. The P.E.N./Roger Klein Award

        5. Defunct Awards

VI. International Committees of P.E.N. American Center [Boxes 206-215]

    A. "Committee of Five" [Box 206]

    B. International Executive Committee [Boxes 207-208]

    C. League of American Writers [Box 209]

    D. South American Committee [Box 209]

    E. Translation Committee [Box 209-214]

Also includes material on Stefan Congrat-Butler's grant- winning project "Translation Index," the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa, and lists of translators and miscellaneous material.

Translation Committee meeting records span the years 1959 to 1986 (chronologically arranged), including minutes and programs; printed material such as the Translator, an Occasional Publication (Volume One, Number One, May 1963), edited by Robert Payne for the P.E.N. American Center Committee on Translation; the Manifesto on Translation; memoranda, press releases, news releases, and notes; and questionnaires given to Translation Committee members in 1982.

More general alphabetical files of the Translation Committee are present, such as the New York Circle of Translators; the New York University Translation Program; the P.E.N./Columbia University Translation Center, including applications to the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the NYSCA; the P.E.N./Columbia Translation Agreement of February 1972, the fiscal statement for 1974, and material on Columbia University Press (all in one folder); Thomas Fleming's report on the Translation Committee Grant Program with Columbia University, May 3, 1973; memoranda regarding P.E.N.'s withdrawal from the P.E.N./Columbia Translation in 1975; a special meeting held February 19, 1975; the P.E.N./Columbia budget and a 1975-1976 application; "The Rights of the Translator" printed flyers and related correspondence; a printed book called Terminological Information; material on translation centers, a translation forum held in Binghamton in 1976; translation workshops in the spring of 1985; and the Vietnam Translation Project.

    F. War Committees [Box 215]

Also includes correspondence and transcripts of a P.E.N. radio program in 1942, specifically, Latin American broadcasts of P.E.N. in English and Spanish; war work donations including lists of contributions for the War Committee and related correspondence; material on the Writers War Board, including the First Annual Report, December 9, 1942; and other printed material and related correspondence.

VII. Centers of International P.E.N. [Boxes 216-225]

Also consists of alphabetical files of individual P.E.N. centers, such as those in Africa; Albania; Argentina, including clippings and correspondence of general cases of writers imprisoned there; Austria; Belgium; and Brazil; Bulgaria, including clippings, correspondence, and general cases of imprisoned writers, a 1980 report on the Bulgarian literary community, and information on Bulgarian poets; Canada, including a Canadian P.E.N. Centre newsletter of November, 1986, number 14; correspondence from 1952 to 1965 with David Carver, the General Secretary of London; the Chile Center, including correspondence of general cases of writers, a copy of the "Report on Human Rights in Chile," October-November 1984, and one for February-March-April 1985; material on a Chile mission in 1985, including printed posters, clippings, and correspondence; China, including clippings, correspondence, and general cases of writers, an index on censorship for the years 1982 to 1984, and material concerning a P.E.N. tour to China; Columbia; Cuba, consisting of clippings, general cases, and correspondence; Czechoslovakia, consisting of clippings, correspondence, and a manifesto called "Charter 77," issued by the Council of Free Czechoslovakia designed to protect writers; letters to, from, and about Miklos Duray as well as printed material about him; similar material on Vaclav Havel, Pavel Kohout, Jiri Lederer, and others; correspondence with the United States Department of State; a file on the East German Center, including correspondence, clippings, general protests, and papers on writer Lutz Rathenow; files on the Centers in France, Germany, Grenada, and Guatemala; Hungary, including a file on the Canadian-Ferenci Writers Exchange, clippings, correspondence, and general cases; conferences at the India Center from 1945 to 1955, as well as clippings, correspondence, general cases, and material concerning P. R. Sarkar and Brahma Chellaney of the India Center; and similar material concerning the centers in Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, and Israel, including printed matter such as books, a booklet, and a report. Other P.E.N. centers include those in Jamaica, Japan, and Korea, all consisting of correspondence, clippings, and general cases of imprisoned writers or files on individuals. The files on the London Centre consist of announcements, early correspondence (1931 to 1964), and newsletters ranging from number 2 in 1927 to number 202 in 1964.

More files on international centers include Mexico, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Poland, Scotland, Venezuela, West Germany, the Yiddish Center (in New York), and other European and Latin American centers.

Additional files include lists of international centers, correspondence with Herman Ould of the London Centre, the final report of missions in 1985, the 1981 Nation Congress, material on the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and correspondence with the United Nations.

VIII. Branches of P.E.N. American Center [Boxes 226-234]

    A. By City [Box 226]

    B. By Region [Boxes 227-234]

Consists also of chronologically-arranged files on general branch correspondence and branch financial reports, meetings, and minutes; material on the Author's Guild, the Yugoslav Writer Exchange Program including a file on Yugoslav visiting writers, and the American Arts Alliance; calls to branch chairs, committee lists, and legal problems of writers.

Also contains alphabetical files of specific regions, chronologically arranged, such as those of P.E.N./Midwest, P.E.N./New England, P.E.N./South, P.E.N./Southwest, and P.E.N./West. The P.E.N./Midwest files include material on activities, correspondence with Herbert Kohl, publicity, reports, and plans, and a file on Chicago literary activity in 1979.

The P.E.N./New England files include activities; correspondence with Anne Bernays including the "Guide to Programs and Services" issued by the Commonwealth of Massachussetts Council on the Arts and Humanities, July 1, 1979, to June 30, 1980; reports and plans; mailing lists; publicity and press; a 1988 budget; and a five-year plan.

Material on P.E.N./South contains material on the P.E.N./Faulkner Award fundraising, publicity, advertisements, publisher contribution information, and a Faulkner Award announcement party; mailing lists, publicity and press, reports and plans, correspondence, the proposed charter for the Faulkner Award, the Folger Reading Series, the Faulkner Award committee, the Folger Shakespeare Library Reading Series, and other activities.

The P.E.N./Southwest files concern a regional conference held in Houston, November, 1980, general activities and correspondence, financial reports, press and publicity, reports and plans, reading series, and the 1984 and 1985 Houston Discovery Prize Flyers.

Also found is the P.E.N./West material, including activities, correspondence with Herbert Kohl, reports and plans, publicity and press, the P.E.N./West Translation Center including activities and correspondence, "Rediscovery Certificates," Rediscovery Award information, and a file on the Western States Arts Foundation.

IX. Publications and Writings [Boxes 235- 240]

    A. The American P.E.N. Magazine [Boxes 235-249]

    B. "Catalonia Today" Text [Box 241]

    C. P.E.N. History [Box 242]

    D. Newspapers [Boxes 243-246]

    E. Notebooks [Box 247]

    F. "Poets for Life: 74 Poets Respond to AIDS" [Box 248]

    G. Publications [Box 249]

X. Miscellaneous Material [Boxes 250-251]

XI. Audio-Visual Material [Boxes 252-260]

Extra copies of the following material can be found in two boxes at the end of the collection: stationery and envelopes (New York Congress, 1986), the Prison Writing Information Bulletin, number 7; programs of the 1966 Congress, P.E.N. newsletters, the Freedom to Write Report, August, 1980, Number 1; P.E.N. rules and charter, and more newsletters from 1963 to 1977.
 

---

Box/Folder Listing

Box   Folder                                                  Date(s)

I. Governance

2         1                 Activities Committee
           2                 Activities
           3                 Activities 1972-1973
           4                 Activities Annual Meeting, May 18, 1972 1972
           5                 Activities 1973-1974
           6                 Activities Annual Meeting 1974
           7                 Activities (miscellaneous) 1974
           8                 P.E.N. Workshops, Activities Questionnaire Workshops

3         1                 Committees: Executive 1927-1965
           2                 Committees: Nominating 1943-1969
           3                 Nominating Committee 1970
           4                 Nominating Committee 1971
           5                 Nominating Committee 1972
           6                 Nominating Committee 1973
           7                 Nominating Committee 1974
           8                 Nomination 1974-1975
           9                 Nominating Committee 1975
           10               Opposition Slate 1975
           11               Committees: Nominating: Reports (slates)1964-1969

4         1                 Copyright
           2                 Copyright application 1969
           3                 Copyright - Form A: Grants and Awards
           4                 Copyright - Form A: Writers-in-Residence
           5                 Copyright - Form B: The American Pen
           6                 Copyright - Form B: P.E.Newsletter
           7                 Copyright 1974
           8                 Copyright guidelines: Information Bulletins 1978
           9                 United States Copyright Office, Selected Bibliographies

5         1                 Correspondence: Presidency 1928-1949
           2                 Correspondence: Putnam, James 1951-1968
           3                 Correspondence: Schoenberner, Franz 1947-1966
           4                 Executive Board Meetings 1959-1969
           5                 Executive Board and past committee lists
           6                 Executive Board Meetings 1970
           7                 Executive Board Meetings 1971
           8                 Executive Board Meeting, January 12 1972
           9                 Executive Board Meeting, March 2 1972
           10               Executive Board Meeting, June 15 1972
           11               Executive Board Meeting, October 4 1972
           12               Executive Board Meeting, November 29 1972
           13               Executive Board Meeting, March 21 1973
           14               Board Meeting Minutes, October 3 1973
           15               Board Meeting Minutes, December 7 1973
           16               Executive Board Meeting, June 27 1974
           17               Executive Board Meeting, October 16 1974
           18               Executive Board Meeting, November 21 1974
           19               Executive Board 1974-1975
           20               Executive Board Meeting, February 28 1975
           21               Executive Board Meeting, April 7 1975
           22               Annual Meeting, June 16 1975
           23               Minutes of Executive Board 1978
           24               Minutes of Executive Board 1982
           25               Minutes of Executive Board 1986-1987

6         1                 Fairfield Foundation 1954-1967
           2                 Farrar, John: In memoriam fund 1974-1975
           3                 Fleming papers 1971-1973
           4                 Fleming, Thomas: Miscellaneous
           5                 Fleming, Tom: Administration memos, including 50th Anniversary Plans
           6                 Fleming, Tom: Correspondence on P.E.N. activities
           7                 Fleming, Tom: Fundraising, budget, notes on Board Meetings
           8                 Fleming, Tom: P.E.N. Magazine, Newsletter, membership memos

 7        1                 Flood, Charles Bracelen 1969-1971
           2                 Flood, Charles Bracelen: Miscellaneous 1969
           3                 Founding of the American Center 1922-1974
           4                 Fundraising 1951-1963
           5                 Galantiere, Lewis 1965-1967
           6                 Galantiere, Lewis: Domestic papers 1965-1969
           7                 Galantiere, Lewis: In memoriam 1977
           8                 Halsband, Robert 1967-1969
           9                 Imprisonment of writers: Miscellaneous 1956-1965
           10               Isaacs, Julius: Miscellaneous material

8         1                 Isaacs, Julius: Miscellaneous material
           2                 Isaacs, Julius: Part of chapter from second book
           3                 P.E.N./Incorporation 1985
           4                 P.E.N., Incorporated/Tax Exemption Application
           5                 Kosinski, Jerzy 1973-1977
           6                 Kosinski, Jerzy: Correspondence 1974-1976

9         1                 Legislation 1930-1946
           2                 Letterheads 1937-1972
           3                 Letters of condolence (Deaths of various P.E.N. members) 1948-1963
           4                 Letters of protest 1938-1968
           5                 Listings and questionnaires 1927-1965
           6                 Members of the Board 1942-1961
           7                 Messages from Presidents 1954-1967
           8                 Minutes of Executive Board 1939-1950
           9                 Minutes of Executive Board 1951-1960
           10               Minutes of Executive Board 1961-1966
           11               Minutes of Executive Board 1967-1969
           12               Move to 156 Fifth Avenue: Books for library1969-1975
           13               Move to 156 Fifth Avenue: Contributions 1968-1969
           14               Move to 156 Fifth Avenue: House Committee1968-1969

10       1                 Minutes and By-laws

11       1                 Newsletters 1940-1956
           2                 Newsletters 1956-1964
           3                 Newsletters 1965-1969
           4                 P.E.Newsletter 1972
           5                 Newsletter: Tom Fleming 1971
           6                 Newsletters 1972-1978 and Newsletter Index 1973-1975

12       1                 P.E.Newsletter: Members' correspondence 1978-1982

13       1                 Newsletters 1978-1983
           2                 Newsletters 1983-1986
           3                 Newsletters 1987-1989
           4                 Newsletters 1989-1993
           5                 P.E.N. Expansion: Development Committee 1967-1968
           6                 P.E.N. Expansion: Raising matching funds1967-1968
           7                 P.E.N. Panels: Columbia University
           8                 P.E.N. Panels: New York University

14       1                 Contact Sheets/Back Issues
           2                 Newsletter, number 59, September 1986
           3                 Newsletter, number 61
           4                 Newsletter, number 62, May 1987
           5                 Newsletter, number 63
           6                 Newsletter, number 64, February: Notes, memos, etc. 1988
           7                 Newsletter, number 65, June 1988

15       1                 Newsletter, number 66, September 1988
           2                 Newsletter, number 67, December/January 1988-1989
           3                 Newsletter, number 68, April 1989
           4                 Newsletter, number 69, August 1989

16       1                 Newsletter, number 70, December 1989
           2                 Newsletter, number 71, Spring 1990
           3                 Newsletter, number 72, manuscripts, editing, etc., Summer 1990
           4                 Newsletter, number 73, Autumn 1990
           5                 Newsletter, number 74, February 1991
           6                 Photographs: 156 Fifth Avenue

17       1                 Proposals: Miscellaneous 1929-1958
           2                 Publicity: Miscellaneous 1941-1959
           3                 Onward and Upward with American P.E.N., Flyer Reprint
           4                 P.E.N. Publications: Publicity and distribution
           5                 Magazine publicity for writers in prison
           6                 Publicity 1975
           7                 Publicity
           8                 Relations with organizations: Miscellaneous1931-1963
           9                 Reports of the Secretary 1931-1961
           10               Reports of the Treasurer 1940-1967
           11               Requests for addresses 1939-1962

18       1                 Requests for advice and assistance 1936-1964
           2                 Requests for employment 1935-1959
           3                 Requests for information: Miscellaneous 1938-1966
           4                 Requests for Information on P.E.N. 1926-1965
           5                 Salmagundi Club
           6                 Statements of American P.E.N.
           7                 Task Force 1967
           8                 Tax Exemption 1956
           9                 Tax Rulings 1943-1956
           10               Translation Project 1926-1929
           11               Translations: Miscellaneous 1930-1969
           12               Miscellaneous

II. Membership

19    1               Acceptance Letters                      1927-1939
      2               Acceptance Letters                      1940-1943
      3               Acceptance Letters                      1944-1948
      4               Acceptance Letters                      1949-1950
      5               Acceptance Letters                      1951-1952
      6               Acceptance Letters                      1953-1954

20    1               Acceptance Letters                      1955-1959
      2               Acceptance Letters                      1960-1969
      3               Admissions: Norman Mailer letter and
                           responses                          1984-1985
      4               Admissions Committee                    1927-1966
      5               Admissions Committee:
                           Application for membership              1987
      6                    Correspondence                   1987 - 1988
      7                    Forms, lists, etc                1972 - 1978
                      P.E.N. special notice to members, January 10 1925
      8               Admissions Committee Meeting, November 28    1979
      9               Guidelines for P.E.N. Membership: Admissions
                           Committee as of November                1979
      10              Admissions Committee Meeting:
                           February 3                              1982
      11                   May 5                                   1982
      12                   November 23                             1982
      13                   October 6                               1982
      14                   January 12                              1983
      15                   March 10                                1983
      16                   April 27                                1983
      17                   June 16                                 1983

21    1               Admissions Committee Meeting:
                           September 22                            1983
      2                    January 11                              1984
      3                    February 29                             1984
      4                    April 18                                1984
      5                    June 7                                  1984
      6                    September 19                            1984
      7                    January 8                               1985
      8                    February 28                             1985
      9                    May 29                                  1985
      10                   July 16                                 1985

22    1               Admissions Committee Meeting: September 24   1985
      2               Admissions Committee Meeting:
                           November 5                              1985
      3                    January 8                               1986
      4                    February 26                             1986
      5                    April 2                                 1986
      6                    May 7 : Discussion of changes in guide  1986

23    1               Admissions Committee Meeting:
                           May 28                                  1986
      2                    October 15                              1986
      3                    December 9                              1986
      4               Letters of Acceptance from new members to
                           Betty Fussell                           1987
      5               Membership Committee Meeting: February 10    1987

24    1               Membership Committee Meeting:
                           March 25                                1987
      2                    June 1                                  1987
      3                    September 22                            1987
      4                    November 10                             1987
      5                    January 13                              1988
      6                    March 2                                 1988
      7                    April 19                                1988

25    1               Membership Committee Meeting:
                           June 1                                  1988
      2                    September 26                            1988
      3                    November 15                             1988
      4                    January 17                              1989
      5                    March 8                                 1989
      6                    May 3                                   1989
      7                    July 12                                 1989

26    1               Membership Committee Meeting:
                           October 12                              1989
      2                    November 29                             1989
      3                    January 31                              1990
      4                    March 28                                1990
      5                    June 6                                  1990
      6                    September 26                            1990
      7                    November 14                             1990

27    1               Membership Committee Meeting:
                           January 17                              1991
      2                    March 12                                1991
      3                    May 23                                  1991
      4                    September 12                            1991
      5               Membership Committee Meeting: December 6     1991

28    1               Admissions Survey, September                 1976
      2               Associate Memberships                   1942-1948
      3               Backlist of Membership acceptance letters
                           and resignation                    1969-1977
      4               Correspondence on addresses             1927-1963
      5               Correspondence on dues                  1926-1939
      6               Correspondence on dues                  1940-1949
      7               Correspondence on dues                  1950-1959
      8               Correspondence on dues                  1960-1966
      9               Correspondence on transfer of membership1927-1967
      10              Correspondence over misspellings, etc.  1926-1954

29    1               Correspondence:
                           Brown, John Mason                  1947-1948
      2                    Canby, Henry Seidel                1927-1961
      3                    Carmer, Carl                       1943-1947
      4                    committees                         1935-1965
      5                    Dawson Scott, C.A.                 1926-1928
      6                    Executive Board Members            1927-1964
      7                    Galsworthy, John                   1922-1965
      8                    Kleeman, Rita Halle                1940-1957
      9                    Komroff, Manuel                    1947-1952
      10                   Melcher, Frederic, G.              1926-1961
      11                   Nathan, Robert                     1940-1943
      12                   P.E.N. News                        1954-1967

30    1               Deaths of members                       1933-1964
      2               Drives for members                      1929-1970
      3               Dues: Records                           1930-1951
      4               Dues renewal form                            1978
      5               Dues survey, August                          1976
      6               Form letters on membership
      7               "Goofs" on membership                   1927-1965
      8               Hertz discount for P.E.N. members
      9               Hesitations about joining               1940-1966
      10              Labels: Membership Committee            1978-1979
      11              Letters from members: Miscellaneous     1936-1965

31    1               Letters of Acceptance from new members to Anne
                           Hollander and Betty Fussell        1984-1987
      2               Letters of Resignation from members, Re:
                           Malamud letter of August 24             1979
      3               Letters to Bob Phillips from invitees   1978-1981
      4               Lists of Membership Committees          1962-1968
      5               Lost members
      6               Mayor's list of P.E.N. members               1966
      7               Membership cards (international)
      8               Membership Committee (form letters)
      9               Membership enquiries                    1985-1986

32    1               Membership enquiries                    1987-1988
      2               Membership letter
      3               Membership lists                        1924-1944
      4               Membership lists                        1946-1970
      5               Membership lists: Miscellaneous         1927-1966

33    1               Membership lists                        1966-1981
      2               Membership lists                        1977-1978
      3               Membership list, July (master copy)          1983
      4               Membership list, September (master copy)     1985
      5               Membership list, October (master copy)       1987

34    1               Membership: Problems, complaints, suggestions,
                                                              1980-1984
                           requests, etc.
      2               Problems of writers                     1965-1977
      3               Membership processing: Standard operating
                           procedure
      4               Mendelssohn, Mel: Membership renewal and
                           fundraising letters/drafts
      5               Barbara Jones: Cocktail Party procedure notes
      6               New members' reception cards            1981-1987
      7               Membership: Acceptances
      8               Membership: List of refusals

35    1               Nominations for membership              1926-1966
      2               Nominations for membership (self)       1927-1966
      3               Nominations for membership: Committee   1929-1956
                           correspondence
      4               Stephen Wright Nut File                      1986
      5               Pierre Hotel
      6               Queries on standards of admission       1929-1969
      7               Requests for membership lists           1928-1965
      8               Refusals of membership                  1927-1949
      9               Refusals of membership                  1950-1966

36    1               Rejections
      2               Resignations                            1924-1939
      3               Resignations                            1940-1949
      4               Resignations                            1950-1969
      5               Return of members who resigned          1928-1966
      6               Transfer: members
      7               V.I.P. letters: A - M
      8               V.I.P. letters: N - Z

III. Programs of P.E.N. American Center

                      A. Domestic

                      1. P.E.N. Auction
37    1               Auction
      2               P.E.N. Auction correspondence
      3               P.E.N. Auction inventory receipts
      4               P.E.N. Auction offering letters
      5               P.E.N. Auction offerings accepted but not yet
                           received
      6               P.E.N. Auction offerings declined
      7               P.E.N. Literary Auction, May 4               1978
      8               Literary Auction
      9               Auction materials in toto
      10              Literary Auction
      11              P.E.N. Auction: Plaza
      12              Literary Auction
      13              Champagne/Dancing attendance

                      2. Fundraising
38    1               Addendum(s) for foundation applications
      2               America the Beautiful Fund
      3               American Express Foundation
      4               America's wealthiest list
      5               P.E.N. annual report and general support1983-1986
      6               P.E.N. annual report (copies)           1983-1984
      7               Armand Hammer Foundation
      8               Articles
      9               Auctions - future
      10              Autographed books/fundraising
      11              Fundraising: autographed first editions:
                           Balakian, Richardson
      12              Autographs: P.E.N. Member Signatures for A.
                           Amalrik case, August - September        1973
      13              Awards to novelists: Rockefeller Foundation
                           proposal
      14              Bache, Halsey Stuart Shields Foundation
      15              Correspondence: Neil Baldwin
      16              Bankers Trust
      17              Barcelona Conference: Logistics, October     1978
      18              Fundraising benefit: Hotel New Hampshire
      19              Benes, Jan: Rockefeller Foundation Grant     1973
      20              Bequests: Czech House (Shatz)
      21              Biddle (Mary Duke) Foundation
      22              Books and Company Benefit, April 5           1981
      23              Bourjaily, Vance
      24              P.E.N. Branches
      25              Bread and Roses Community Fund
      26              Brochures: Miscellaneous
      27              Bruce Foundation                             1970
      28              P.E.N. budget (original and copies)     1985-1986

39    1               Canfield, Cass
      2               C.B.F. fundraising
      3               C.B.R. fundraising meeting, November         1971
      4               C.B.S. Foundation
      5               Chase Manhattan Bank
      6               Chemical Bank
      7               COHA
      8               Commonwealth Fund
      9               Compton Foundation
      10              Contents of FR packet
      11              Contributions                           1968-1976
      12              Copyright Society of the U.S.A.: Gitlin, Paul
      13              Council on Translation                       1973
      14              Bartley C. Crum Memorial Fund/FtW
      15              Cappy Cumpston: schedule and names and
                           correspondence
      16              Czech Writers' Fund
      17              FR letter: Dance Theater of Harlem
      18              Brief description of P.E.N.
      19              Development
      20              Fundraising: Development: Marnie Elberson,1983-1984
                           Mueller and others
      21              Diamond Foundation
      22              Fundraising (JK and TF): Distinguished Friends
                           of P.E.N.                               1974
      23              Donor ideas: Corporations and publishers
      24              Donor ideas: Foundations
      25              Donor ideas: Individuals
      26              P.E.N. donor list
      27              Donor list, number 55
      28              P.E.Newsletter donor lists (copies)
      29              P.E.N donors of over 5,000 dollars
      30              Donors/other organizations

40    1               Drafts of foundations letters (including T.
                           Fleming's to Readers Digest)
      2               Earned income for non-profit organizations:
                           Fundraising notes
      3               Funraising: Efforts made, October            1978
      4               Ellsberg, Pat and Daniel
      5               Emergency Fund
      6               Enclosures
      7               European American Bank and Trust
      8               Events descriptions                     1981-1982
      9               Events descriptions                     1982-1983
      10              Events descriptions                     1983-1984
      11              P.E.N. events projected                 1984-1985
      12              Executive Board Fundraising: Signed books1983-1984
      13              Development fundraising fact sheet L.G.
      14              P.E.N. Faulkner: Budget and Roger Strauss
                           and Publishing fundraisers
      15              Fundraising: Film benefit, general           1983
      16              Financial report                             1983
      17              Fundraising: Tom Fleming                     1974
      18              Fleming, Tom: Rockefeller Foundation
                           (translation project)
      19              Fundraising: Ford Foundation
      20              Ford Foundation

41    1               Foundations and corporations that have been
                           approached, but don't give to P.E.N.
      2               Fundraising (JF and TF): Foundation P.E.N.   1974
                           Emergency Fund
      3               Friends of American Museum
      4               Friends of the American Museum in Britain
      5               Fund for ideas                               1973
      6               Fund for City of New York
      7               Fundraising: P.E.N. Fund for Writers         1974
      8               P.E.N. Fund for Writers                      1975
      9               Fundraisers
      10              Fundraising
      11              Fundraising: P.E.N. Fund for Writers         1976
      12              Fundraising (JK)
      13              Fundraising                                  1972
      14              Fundraising (TF)                             1973
      15              Fundraising                                  1975
      16              Fundraising                                  1976
      17              Fundraising ideas (FTW)
      18              Funding for Culture Report to the Mayor,
                           June                                    1983
      19              Fundraising Collection Presses, AAC letter
      20              Fundraising Committee                   1978-1979
      21              Fundraising Committee: P.E.N. Executive
                           Board                              1983-1984
      22              Fundraising: Future
      23              Development Fundraising: L.G. correspondence
      24              German Marshall Fund
      25              Goldstein, Myrna
      26              Grace Foundation
      27              The Guinzburg Fund
      28              Heinz, Mrs. John
      29              How other organizations do things
      30              Fundraising: Ideas, names to follow up, etc.
      31              Individual writers
      32              Fundraising: Individual contributors (FTW):
                           Have been/to be asked
      33              International Creative Management
      34              P.E.N. IRS 990                               1982
      35              Israel Trip Fund
      36              Fundraising (E.J.)                           1971
      37              Fundraising: Eliot Janeway                   1971
      38              Judges
      39              Koh-i-noor Radiograph Incorporated
      40              Leab, Dan
      41              Letters for mailing list approval
      42              The Lewis and Marcia Schott Foundation,
                           Incorporated
      43              Lindbergh, Anne Morrow
      44              Fundraising lists
      45              Literary Guild of America
      46              Loeb, Arthur L.
      47              Longview

42    1               Manufacturers Hanover Foundation
      2               Marshall, Bratter, Greene, Allison and Tucker
                           (Marshall, Jas)
      3               Mayer, Peter
      4               Mellon Foundation
      5               Fundraising: Members' efforts                1979
      6               Merrill Trust
      7               Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
      8               Milbank Foundation
      9               Milbank Foundation: E. Soneway
      10              Morgan Bank
      11              P.E.N. Narrative                             1981
      12              P.E.N. Narrative                             1983
      13              P.E.N. Narrative: N. Baldwin, September      1984
      14              National Committee: Arts for the Handicapped
      15              National Endowment for the Humanities
      16              P.E.N./NCAH Workshops: Administration
      17              P.E.N./NCAH Workshops: Miscellaneous
      18              P.E.N./NCAH Workshops: Op-ed piece, Ed Doctorow
      19              P.E.N./NCAH Workshops: Publicity
      20              P.E.N./NCAH Workshops: Volunteers and
                           interested people
      21              New list of super rich
      22              Fundraising (FR): NO
      23              P.E.N. Nominating Committee                  1975
      24              Norman, Dorothy
      25              Notes: contributor lists, number 48 and 49
      26              Novelist of Distinction Awards (Proposal to
                           Rockefeller Foundation)
      27              NYPL Literary Lions list
      28              Fundraising: offers to be followed up, future
      29              P.E.N. operating budget
      30              Palmer, Mrs. Carleton H.
      31              Fundraising: Robert Payne
      32              Pellegrini, Shelia Cudahy
      33              Pforzheima Foundation
      34              Playboy
      35              Fundraising: Playboy Foundation
      36              Playboy Press (see also Playboy Foundation)
      37              Fundraising (FR): poets and writers/Exxon list
      38              Fundraising: Procedures (KK notes)
      39              Professional fundraisers                1973-1974
      40              Programs                                1983-1984
      41              Programs description                    1982-1983
      42              P.E.N. publicity list                   1983-1984

43    1               Publisher citation receipts             1975-1979
      2               Development: Fundraising publishers
      3               Fundraising: Publishers                      1972
      4                    Publishers (Jack Macrae)                1972
      5                    Publishers                         1973-1974
      6                    Publishers                         1974-1975
      7                    Publishers                         1975-1976
      8               Publisher's Annual Drive
      9               Fundraising: T. Purdy                        1970
      10              Raybin, Arthur: Board and Committee response
      11              Raybin, A. D.: Correspondence (interviewees)
      12              Raybin, A.: Feasibility study
      13              Raybin, A.: Follow-up correspondence
      14              Raybin, Arthur: Interview format
      15              Raybin, A.: M. Tucker's report to Executive
                           Board
      16              Raybin, Arthur: Schedule, names and
                           correspondence
      17              RCA
      18              Reader's Digest
      19              Rich writers
      20              Richard and Hinda Rosentahl Foundation
      21              Rockefeller Brothers Foundation
      22              Rockefeller Foundation

44    1               Fundraising: Rockefeller Foundation          1971
      2               Rockefeller Foundation                       1974
      3               Rockefeller Foundation (Elizabeth Hardwick)  1974
      4               Rockefeller Foundation Grant: Susan Sontag   1974
      5               Samuel Rubin Foundation (Cora and Peter Weiss)
      6               Schaffner, Mr. and Mrs. John
      7               Scherman Foundation
      8               SCM Corporation
      9               Emma Sheafer Trust
      10              Fundraising: Signed books
      11              Silkwood story
      12              P.E.N. Solicitation packet                   1981
      13              Sotheby's Literary Auction                   1983
      14              Fundraising: Standard letters
      15              Jules and Doris Stein Foundation
      16              Steiner, Paul
      17              Fundraising: Strategy, January - June        1976
      18              Fundraising: Strategy, June                  1976
      19              Projected Sue Kaufman Award                  1978
      20              Fundraising: Summer                          1982
      21              Fundraising: Summer, miscellaneous notes     1984
      22              Targ, Roslyn and William
      23              Fundraising through mails
      24              Fundraising to look into
      25              To try again (don't take no for an answer)
      26              The Twentieth Century Fund                   1975
      27              Typewriters
      28              U.S.S.R.: Andrei Tverdokhlebov
      29              Vonnegut, Kurt Jr.
      30              Weybright, Victor and family
      31              Writers' Fund Enclosure
      32              Writers' Fund material and other background
      33              Fundraising: Writers in Prison               1974
      34              Xerox

45    1               Miscellaneous
      2               Miscellaneous correspondence
      3               Miscellaneous correspondence, notes and lists:
                           A. Raybin
      4               Miscellaneous notes: Carol and Pamela
      5               Foundation Fundraising Seminar
      6               Fundraising miscellaneous

                      3. Hospitality
46    1               Cocktail parties                        1943-1949
      2               Cocktail parties                        1950-1954
      3               Cocktail parties                        1955-1960
      4               Cocktail parties                        1961-1966
      5               Cocktail parties: Correspondence        1963-1976
      6               Correspondence on meeting-places        1941-1961
      7               Dinners                                 1926-1928
      8               Dinners: P.E.N. dinner to St. John Ervine,   1928
                           December 16 (photograph)
      9               Dinners                                 1929-1930
      10              Dinners                                 1931-1934
      11              Dinners                                 1935-1936

      1               P.E.N. Hospitality Committee            1967-1975
      2               Dinners                                      1937
      3               Dinners                                      1938
      4               Dinners                                      1939
      5               Dinners                                      1940
      6               Dinners                                      1941
      7               Dinners                                      1942
      8               Dinners                                      1943
      9               Dinners                                      1944

48    1               Dinners                                      1945
      2               Dinners                                      1946
      3               Dinners                                      1947
      4               Dinners                                      1948
      5               Dinners                                      1949
      6               Dinners                                      1950
      7               Dinners                                      1951
      8               Dinners                                      1952
      9               Dinners                                      1953
      10              Dinners                                      1954
      11              Dinners                                      1955
      12              Dinners                                      1956
      13              Dinners                                      1957
      14              Dinners                                      1958
      15              Dinners                                      1959
      16              Dinners                                      1960
      17              Dinners                                      1961
      18              Dinners                                      1962
      19              Dinners                                      1963

49    1               Dinners                                      1964
      2               Dinners                                      1965
      3               Dinners                                 1966-1967
      4               P.E.N. Annual Dinners: Organizational memos,
                           invitations, etc                   1971-1974
      5               Fiftieth Anniversary Dinner
      6               Annual Dinner: Press release (master copies) 1975
      7               Fiftieth Anniversary Dinner (see also Pablo
                           Neruda)
      8               Annual Dinner: Senghor speech press releases 1975
      9               Activities: Annual Dinner, Senghor           1975

50    1               Hospitality to foreigners: Miscellaneous1927-1961
      2               Ibero-American reception                     1959
      3               Introduction letters for circulation in the
                           U.S.                               1939-1953
      4               Introduction letters for members abroad: A - D
      5               Introduction letters for members abroad: F - L
      6               Introduction letters for members abroad: M - Z
      7               Introduction letters from England: A - W
      8               Refusals to speak                       1958-1962
      9               Reports on arrivals of foreigners       1928-1965
      10              Romains, Jules: Correspondence               1940
      11              Teas, etc.                              1929-1950

                      4. "Liberty Denied"
51    1               Alpha Book catalogue
      2               Liberty Denied: Book reviews, etc.
      3               Richard Boone memos
      4               Bowker Advance Book information
      5               Liberty Denied: Budget
      6               Liberty Denied: Budget/scrap pages
      7               Distribution information
      8               Norman Lear quote
      9               Letter of agreement with Alpha Book
                           Distibutors, Incorporated
      10              Liberty Denied: Clips                        1988
      11              Comp. copies of Liberty Denied (lists)
      12              Liberty Denied covers
      13              Liberty Denied flyer
      14              Muted Voices: AEG notes
      15              New Orders
      16              Chicago notes
      17              Houston notes
      18              New York notes
      19              San Francisco notes
      20              Washington, D.C. notes

52    1               Liberty Denied: Pro-Media/Financial contracts
      2               Propaganda for book salesmen
      3               Publication Party information
      4               Responses, reactions
      5               Liberty Denied: Reviewers
      6               Schedule
      7               Liberty Denied: Send to Donna
      8               White Paper:
                           Miscellaneous
      9                    Editorial
      10                   Fundraising
      11                   Production
      12                   Publicity

53                    Liberty Denied: The Current Rise of Censorship
                           in America and Muted Voices: The Problem
                           of Censorship in America by Donna A.
                           Demac

54    1               P.E.N. White Paper: Miscellaneous
      2               White Paper articles
                      Various other folders and booklets are included

                      5. Prison Writing Program
55                    a. Journals and Other Writings by Prisoners

                      b. Award Winners
56    1               Prison program event                         1972
      2               Prison program publicity                1973-1976
      3               P.E.N. Writing Award Prisoners          1973-1974
      4               P.E.N. Writing Award Prisoners          1974-1975
      5               Fiction                                 1975-1976
      6               P.E.N. Writing Award Prisoners          1975-1976
      7               Poetry                                  1975-1976
      8               Nonfiction                              1975-1976
      9               P.E.N. Writing Award Prisoners          1976-1977

57    1               Writing Award for Prisoners                  1977
      2               Fiction                                      1977
      3               Non-fiction                                  1977
      4               Poetry                                       1977
      5               Prison Arts Festival, Noho Gallery,          1977
                           June 17, 21: M. Reynolds
      6               Writing Award for Prisoners             1977-1978
      7               Fiction winners                         1977-1978
      8               Honorable mentions, subscriptions to    1977-1978
                           The Writer

58    1               Writing Award for Prisoners: Reading, June
                           14                                      1978
      2               Nonfiction winners                      1977-1978
      3               Poetry winners                          1977-1978
      4               Writing Award for Prisoners             1978-1980
      5               Fiction winners                         1978-1979
      6               Nonfiction winners                      1978-1979
      7               Poetry winners                          1978-1979
      8               Writing Awards for Prisoners reception, Jun 13,1979
      9               Fiction winners                         1979-1980
      10              Nonfiction winners                      1979-1980
      11              Poetry winners                          1979-1980
      12              Symposium and Braly Memorium Evening, June
                           25                                      1980

59    1               Writing Award for Prisoners:
                           Awards Ceremony, November 25            1986
      2                    Awards Ceremony: invitations            1986
      3                    readers/judges                          1986
      4                    Awards Ceremony                         1987
      5               Fiction winners                              1987
      6               Winners: Mailing list                        1987
      7               Nonfiction winners                           1987
      8               Play winners                                 1987
      9               Poetry winners                               1987
      10              Winners and honorable mentions whose address 1987
                           we don't have

60    1               Prison Writer winners                        1988
      2               Writing Award for Prisoners:
                           Drama                                   1988
      3                    Fiction                                 1988
      4                    Nonfiction                              1988
      5                    Poetry                                  1988
      6               Prison press clippings                       1988

                      c. Subject Files
61    1               Miscellaneous
      2               AAP books for prisoners project
      3               Adamson, D. L.
      4               Abbott, Jack (Leavenworth)                   1974
      5               Address changes (in alphabetical order) 1987-1988
      6               Aguila, Pancho
      7               Akil, Musoke Mwamba
      8               Alter, Richard/Nola Langner
      9               American Civil Liberties Union
      10              American Correctional Association
      11              The American P.E.N. Volume VII:4, Fall       1975
      12              Anderson, Jack L.
      13              Andrews, Frank Earl
      14              Announcement and winner list                 1988
      15              Art Without Walls
      16              Art Without Walls: Books Behind Bars Benefit
      17              Kill, Arthur
      18              Arthur Kill Library Center: Progress report,
                           April                                   1981
      19              ASCAP
      20              ASCAP: What it is, How it works
      21              Axel, Mark T.
      22              Baca, Jimmy Santiago
      23              The Back Door: Saturday Review
      24              Badi, Gary

62    1               Baynes, Roger
      2               Bedford Hills Correctional: Long termers
      3               Behind Bars by Tom Miller
      4               Billett, Myron
      5               Book requests
      6               Book requests from prisoners
      7               Books Behind Bars:
                           Bibliography
      8                    Correspondence
      9                    Joan Crowell's correspondence
      10                   Early correspondence, membership,
                                 fundraising
      11              Books for Prisoners: Pending - to do

63    1               Books for Prisoners II
      2               Books for Prisoners: Chronology and procedures
      3               Books for Prisoners: Miscellaneous
      4               Books for Prisoners

64    1               Books for Prisoners
      2               Books for Prisoners Project

65    1               Books from publishers
      2               Bruchac, Joe
      3               Canadian P.E.N. Center Prison Program
                           (tenatative)
      4               CAPS Artists' Prison Workshops
      5               CAPS/P.E.N. Meeting: Re: Workshops in prison,
                           April 25                                1980
      6               Johnny Cash benefit
      7               Cell Block Theatre
      8               PR on censorship in prison, June 5           1972
      9               Chiarello, John
      10              Chicano writers
      11              Chinn, Robert
      12              Clark, Tanya Renee
      13              Clay, Robert L.
      14              CODA's articles on vanity presses and rip-offs
      15              Cohen, Brad: NYU Work/Study, Prison Writing
                           Program, Summer                         1979
      16              Colson, Jesse (Dice)
      17              Committee information                   1978-1989
      18              Committee meeting
      19              Committee meeting: Agenda/notes              1987
      20              Committee meeting: Newsletter reports        1989
      21              CONtact
      22              CONtact surveys
      23              CONtact surveys
      24              Contributions, reading for Jerome Washington,
                           December 12                             1979
      25              Cooper, Glenda
      26              Coppolla, Paul
      27              The Correctional Association of New York
      28              Active correspondence with prisoners, October
                           19                                      1976
      29              Correspondence
      30              Correspondence and judges
      31              Correspondence program:
                           Prisoners and members, June             1976
      32                   Prisoners and non-members
      33                   Prisoners who want penpals, June        1976

66    1               Correspondence program: Referrals to Marc
                           Crawford
      2               COSMEP Newsletter
      3               COSMEP Prison Project Newsletter
      4               Crowell, Joan: Correspondence re fundraising,
                           program development, books project
      5               Cuckovich, Charles/Braly, Malcom
      6               Culhane, Charles
      7               Danford, Donald
      8               Davis, William Joe
      9               Del Raine, Ronald
      10              Di Spoldo, Nick
      11              Executive Clemency Appeal, July              1980
      12              Expenses                                1980-1981
      13              Finkelstein, Ronald
      14              Folsom prison workshop: censorship
      15              Forker, Greg
      16              Fortune Society News

67    1               Fortune News
      2               The Fortune Society
      3               Foundation support
      4               Fundraising ideas for Prison Writing Program
      5               Gerdes, Ed
      6               Goyen, William
      7               Graham, Wes
      8               Graves, Gerald
67    9               Grindlay, J. R.
      10              Hall, R. Ratton
      11              Harrison, John M. (CCI Jaycees)
      12              Hauser, Thomas K.
      13              Hayes, Richard (member - correspondence)
      14              Hernandez, Pedro
      15              Hernandez, Peter/Veasey, Jack
      16              Hicks, William/Coffin, Tristram
      17              Hogan, Michael and Unicorn Press
      18              Hutchins, Elmer
      19              Inmate Legal Association
      20              Barnard interns
      21              Irwin, Ron/L'Engle, Madeleine
      22              Jackson, Blyden (member - correspondence)
      23              Jackson, Frank
      24              Jacobs, Dorri: New York                      1978

68    1               Jaco, Roger/Lembke, Janet
      2               Jacobs, Paul
      3               Kaveler, Lucy
      4               Kaveler, Lucy: Correspondence
      5               Kennedy, John: Workshop-Through-the-Mails
      6               Kenyatta, Ibn
      7               King, Kathryn: King Publications
      8               Kirk, Paul Leslie
      9               Klauck, Danny and Geismar, Maxwell:
                           Correspondence
      10              Etheridge Knight - Poems from Prison         1968
      11              Knights Prison Library Service
      12              Knoll, Michael
      13              Knox, Richard/Parman, Frank
      14              Larkin, Arthur
      15              Laster, William

69    1               Lehman, Dennis
      2               Lehman, Marie: Non-member correspondent
      3               Lembke, Janet: Correspondence
      4               Levy, Robert
      5               Lewisohn, James
      6               Libraries for Prisons: JM correspondence from
                           August                                  1979
      7               Literary agents
      8               Lokey, Bob/Jansen, Betty Douglass
      9               Lynn, Robert
      10              Mann, Garland
      11              Macrae, Nathaniel
      12              Members' responses to form letter re: Prison
                           Writing Program
      13              Meunier, Arthur
      14              Milburn, Lewis
      15              Miller, Ed
      16              Minarik, John: Correspondence
      17              Mohammed, Frank
      18              Montgomery, Vera
      19              Moore, Donnell

70    1               Moser, Norman

71    1               Myres, Arthur
      2               Neumann, Jake
      3               Neustro magazine
      4               National Council on Crime and Delinquency
                           (annual report)
      5               O'Neil, Patrick
      6               Offender aid and restoration
      7               Olds, Mark C.
      8               Organizations that have been listed in FWIB
      9               Osborne, Carl
      10              Osborne, Jimmie
      11              Ossining Correctional
      12              Oster, Michael
      13              Owensby, Michael
      14              Parnell, J. Wayne
      15              Patterson, Michael/Walton, Dick
      16              Paul, Sandra: report on AAP's "Books for
                           Prisoners"
      17              Peace and Pieces Foundation
      18              Peacock, Gerard/Hercules, Frank (member
                           correspondence)
      19              P.E.N. information: Miscellaneous (Joyce)
      20              Personal for Leonie or Joyce
      21              Personnel
      22              Petaccia, Mario
      23              Phone calls recieved (and letters)
      24              Poets and writers

72    1               Prison clippings
      2               Prison education
      3               Prison Library Project:
                           Correspondence with AAP and Sandra Paul
      4                    Correspondence with South Forty
      5                    Book lists
      6                    Reports on previous programs, etc.
      7               Prison organizaions: Network                 1988
      8               Prison network
      9               Prison penpals: Lou Torok
      10              Prison penpals: Requests                     1988
      11              Prison writers
      12              Prison program ideas

73    1               Prison writing: Miscellaneous
      2               Prison writing
      3               Prison writing: Mark Blair
      4               Prison writing: Ronald Christ's workshop at
                           Belleview                               1980
      5               Prison Writing Awards Ceremony: program
                           examples and letters                    1988
      6               Prison Writing Committee Meetings: Notes,
                           correspondence                          1977
      7               Prison Writing Information Bulletin
      8               Prison Writing Information Bulletin:
                           Revisions                               1988
      9               Prison Writing Program appeal letter
      10              Prison Writing Program Committee
      11              Prison Writing Program: Letters to P.E.N.
                           members
      12              Prison Writing Program: Proposed budget
      13              Prison Writing Program protest on behalf of
                           Jerome Washington
      14              Prisoner legal information
      15              Miscellaneous articles on prisoner-writers
      16              Prisoner/writer information, number 6
      17              Prisoner writing information, third edition  1976
      18              Prisoner Writing Information Bulletin, number
                           5
      19              Prisoner writing information list
      20              Prisoner writing information list, second
                           edition and survey                      1975
      21              Prisoner writing information, number 4,
                           January                                 1977

74    1               Prisoner' information list: survey and
                           correspondence
      2               Publication
      3               Publishing: Manuscripts
      4               Quinones, Jose "Papo"
      5               Reiss, Ann: correspondence
      6               Letter from Ann Reiss to membership, March
                           27                                      1978
      7               Rejection letters                            1987
      8               Requests for criticism, advice,
                           correspondence, etc (received by Joyce)
      9               Response to A.R. letter Re: Prison libraries
      10              Rockwell City Women's Reformatory
      11              Russ, Erik
      12              Selassie, Harold
      13              Selby, Lloyd
      14              Slaughter, Russell
      15              Smith, David
      16              Smith, Nathaniel Errol
      17              Stumpf, Gerald
      18              Sullivan, Edwin
      19              Taken care of
      20              Thank-you's from inmates                1988-1989

75    1               Time capsule
      2               Tower Press
      3               Toward a Literary Community: "The Prisoner as
                           Writer", February 1                     1978
      4               Tucker, Richard
      5               Typing course
      6               University of Arizona/Arizona State Prison
                           Workshop
      7               "Useful Books" for inquiries
      8               Washington, Jerome, number 4911
      9               Washington, Jerome
      10              Whittamore, Marilynn
      11              Williams, Howell
      12              Wilson, Bob/Bowman, David
      13              Women prisoners
      14              Work-study materials for Prison Writing
                           Program assistants
      15              Workshops, prison
      16              The Writer, Incorporated: A. S. Burack
      17              Writer's Fund: requests/recipients
      18              Writers in Prison: Penpals
      19              Zukovsky, Bill: Report on public library's
                           funding for prisons

                      6. Syndicated Fiction Project
76    1               P.E.N. American Center: General: Syndicated
                           Fiction Project
      2               Syndicated Fiction, June                     1987
      3               Syndicated Fiction: Anthology/correspondence
      4               Syndicated Fiction Project: Brochure,
                           background information, etc.
      5               Syndicated Fiction:
                           Budget, expenses, timesheets
      6                    By-laws, August 24                      1988
      7               Syndicated Fiction Project:
                           Competition number 1
      8                    Competition number 2
      9               Syndicated Fiction Project:
                           Competition number 3
      10                   Contract: Writers and newspapers
      11                   Contract: NEA-P.E.N.
      12              Syndicated Fiction:
                           Conversations with Caroline
      13                   Correspondence
      14                   General correspondence
      15                   Correspondence, reports                 1985
      16                   Correspondence, reports                 1986
      17                   Reports, correspondence                 1987
      18                   Correspondence                          1988
      19                   Director applicants, March              1987
      20              Syndicated Fiction Project: Fees
      21              Syndicated Fiction:
                           Grant proposals                         1986
      22                   Judith Hall, project director
      23              Syndicated Fiction Project: Housing     1984-1985
      24              Syndicated Fiction: Judges              1983-1984

77    1               Syndicated Fiction:
                           Caroline Marshall
      2                    Media application
      3                    NEA application                         1986
      4                    NEA 1987 application                    1988
      5               Syndicated Fiction Project: NEA application  1988
      6               Syndicated Fiction:
                           NEA application                    1988-1989
      7                    NEA application                         1990
      8                    NEA final report                        1989
      9                    NEA grant                               1986
      10                   NEA grant                               1989
      11              Syndicated Fiction Project: Newspapers,
                           participating
      12              Syndicated Fiction:
                           Payment requests, forms and requests
                                 submitted
      13                   Personnel
      14                   Donna Phillips: Correspondence
      15              Syndicated Fiction Column: Preliminaries     1982
      16              Syndicated Fiction Project: Press, publicity -
                           ongoing
      17              Syndicated Fiction Project: Press, press
                           releases and guidelines/clips
      18              Syndicated Fiction: Proposal                 1984

78    1               Syndicated Fiction reception, September 23   1985
      2               Syndicated Fiction:
                           Richard Harteis reports                 1986
      3                    Resumes/coordinator, December           1984
      4                    Selected clippings
      5               Syndicated Fiction Project: Status reports
      6               Syndicated Fiction: Stories selected

                      7. Writer's Fund
                      a. Recipients
79    1               Abbott, Elisabeth, New York                  1981
      2               Algren, Nelson                               1979
      3               Amidon, Bill, New York           1975, 1977, 1979
      4               Barnes, Djuna                                1979
      5               Bartlett, Elizabeth                          1969
      6               Bowers, Faubion                              1966
      7               Boyd, Madeleine                              1960
      8               Braly, Malcolm: Needy writer, November       1971
      9               Briffault, Herma                 1970, 1974, 1979
      10              Cannell, Kathleen                            1961
      11              Carr, Ray M., New York                       1979
      12              Carver, Raymond                              1977
      13              Congrat-Butlar, Stefan                 1976, 1979
      14              Dahl, Borghild                               1983
      15              Daniels, Guy, New York     1972, 1973, 1976, 1978
      16              Deutsch, Babette, New York                   1979
      17              Dragonette, Ree, August                1971, 1978
      18              Drought, James W.                            1978
      19              Drought, James
      20              Farrell, James                               1962
      21              Figueroa, John                               1969
      22              Garcia-Villa, Jose                           1963
      23              Gordon Tate, Caroline                        1972
      24              Green, Hannah                                1969
      25              Gregory, Horace                              1976
      26              Gronowicz, Antoni                            1967
      27              Halasz, Nicholas                             1975
      28              Herbst, Josephine                            1961
      29              Holland, Henrietta                           1963
      30              Ingalls, Jeremy                              1965
      31              Kaufman, Robert                              1976
      32              Keene, Frances                               1966
      33              Kreymborg, Alfred                            1963
      34              Krim, Seymour                                1977
      35              McDaniel, Weston                             1958
      36              McFee, William                               1959
      37              Markmann, Charles Lam                        1974
      38              Miller, Mary Britton, July                   1972
      39              Orlovitz, Gil, November                      1972
      40              Patchen, Kenneth                             1966
      41              Payne, John Burnett                          1976
      42              Pereira, Irene, Rice                         1970
      43              Pippett, Aileen                              1970
      44              Powell, Dawn                                 1960
      45              Reinhold, Robert           1976, 1977, 1986, 1987
      46              Rukeyser, Muriel                             1979
      47              Sanchez, Sonia                               1969

80    1               Schwartz, Delmore                            1961
      2               Van Seher, Lilla                             1968
      3               Silone, Ignazio                              1978
      4               Southern, Terry                              1961
      5               Starbuck, George                             1960
      6               Stratton, Arthur                             1968
      7               Theroux, Alexander, October                  1971
      8               Troy, William                                1961
      9               Untermeyer, Jean Starr                       1969
      10              Van Duym, Alfred                       1974, 1978
      11              Walker, Helen Duer                           1959
      12              Weiss, Neil                                  1969
      13              Williams, Jonathan (Van Buren Page
      14              Y
      15              Zaturenska, Mary, July                       1972
      16              Zverina                                      1971
      17              Schoenberner, Franz                          1959

                      b. Subject Files
81    1               Writer's Fund: Miscellaneous bequests
      2               P.E.N. Fund for Writers: Miscellaneous       1976
      3               Writer's Fund appeals, December 13           1979
      4               Writer's Fund appeal, December               1981
      5               Writer's Fund: B. J. Chute
      6               Chute, Joy: Memorial service
      7               Joy Chute Memorial Service, October 8        1987
      8               Contributions to Writer's Fund in memory of Mel
                           Arrighi
      9               Contributions to Writer's Fund in memory of
                           Edith Begner
      10              Contributions to Writer's Fund in memory of
                           Joy Chute
      11              Egan
      12              Egan and Marshall: Statements
      13              P.E.N. Fund for Writers                      1977
      14              Fundraising: The Writer's Fund               1980
      15              Contributions to the Writer's Fund in memory of
                           Rosemary Schoenfel
      16              Writer's Fund fundraising: Edith Begner
      17              Galantiere, Lewis
      18              Goodman: Rejection
      19              Isaacs, Julius: Bequest                      1980
      20              Phyllis Jackson memorial contributions to
                           Writer's Fund
      21              Letters to NYSCA in support of Writer's Fund
      22              Marshall, Lenore, 10,000 dollars, June       1972
      23              Marshall

82    1               Needy Writer's Fund
      2               Needy Writer's Fund:
                           Publishers                         1973-1975
      3                    Miscellaneous                           1973
      4                    Miscellaneous                           1974
      5                    Miscellaneous                           1975
      6               Needy Writers                                1976
      7               NYSCA grants                            1978-1978
      8               NYSCA/P.E.N.                            1979-1982
      9               Reader's Digest/Thank You's sent
      10              Rejections
      11              Henry Robbins memorial contributions to
                           Writer's Fund
      12              Rose, Laura L. and Daniel A.
      13              Fanny Schneider Mailer memorial contributions
                           to Writer's Fund
      14              Thanksgiving Fund (STW)
      15              Wealthy Writers Fund Drive                   1982

                      8. Miscellaneous Activities and Programs
83    1               Annual Dinner: Boll                          1973
      2               Interview with Heinrich Boll                 1972
      3               Activities: Heinrich Boll, Arthur Miller,
                           October 27                              1971
      4               C.B.F. book distribution
      5               Book fairs: Miscellaneous
      6               San Francisco Book Fair: Combined exhibit,
                           July 2 - 4                              1975
      7               New York Book Fair, May 26 - 28              1975
      8               Activities, book fair                        1974
      9               Activities, criticism                        1970
      10              Dinner meetings                         1966-1969
      11              Dinner questionnaire                         1968
      12              Editorial censorship: Survey and panel
                           discussion                              1975
      13              Editorial censorship
      14              Editorial censorship survey responses

84    1               Five Year Plan                          1973-1974
      2               Library appropriations
      3               Activities: Membership meeting, April 2:
                           Questionaire responses                  1976
      4               Questionnaire, April                         1971
      5               Near Eastern Conference:
                           Program
      6                    Photos
      7                    Background
      8                    Hotel
      9                    Requests for proceedings

85    1               Princeton
      2               Speakers: Near Eastern
      3               Speakers: U.S.A.
      4               Special invitations
      5               Reception, lunch
      6               Travel
      7               Nobel Prize                                  1970
      8               P.E.N.-in-the-City: H. Koning Julia Richman
                           High School                             1974
      9               P.E.N. in the City:                          1969
      10                   Daytop
      11                   Daytop
      12                   Union settlement, Guy Daniels
      13              P.E.N. in the City
      14              P.E.N. reports: WBAI, Anne Fremantle         1976
      15              Radio P.E.N.
      16              Activities: P.E.N. portraits: WNYC           1974

                      B. International

                      1. Author Questionnaire
86    1               Author questionnaire:
                           American writers (A - L)                1942
      2                    American writers (M - Z)                1942
      3                    European writers (A - Z)                1942
      4                    General correspondence                  1942
      5                    other centers                           1942

                      2. Censorship
87    1               Abrams, F.: New York Times, September 25     1983
      2               ACLU: Conference, Chatanooga, Tennessee
      3               AI Conference: The Writer and Human Rights
      4               Arkansas: General cases
      5               Baraka, Amiri

      6               Beacon Press: Harassment                1971-1972
      7               Berrigan, Daniel
      7a              Blount, Roy
      8               Bruggink, Eric G.
      9               Burns, Stony
      10              Caldwell, Earl: Contempt charges             1970
      11              The campaign against the underground press
                           in the U.S.                        1960-1972
      12              Campaign to stop government spying (FOIA and
                           other information)
      13              Cantonsville 9 and Berrigan Case             1971
      14              Center for National Security Studies
                           information: D.O.D. information policies
      15              The Chocolate War: Columbia County
      16              Church report: CIA and media
      17              CIA and journalists
      18              CIA and publishing houses
      19              City studio theatre
      20              Cleaver, Eldridge
      21              Clergy letter to Reagan
      22              Coffin, Tristram
      23              The Color Purple, Oakland, CA
      24              Conellan, Leo
      25              Correspondence: U.S. Domestic           1967-1979



88    1               Dupont vs. Zilg
      2               Richard Elman's files: Literary connections
      3               Domestic report/Rips (expression/repression) 1979
      4               Expression repression FOIA
      5               Expression repression: A study of domestic
                           intelligence, etc.

89    1               FBI and media
      2               FBI files
      3               FBI: Guidelines re: Domestic security
                           investigations, March                   1973
      4               Federal rules of civil procedure
      5               First Amendment Conference
      6               First Amendment Symposium, number 1:
                           Disinformation, internal security and the writer
      7               Fogarty: Cockoo's Nest suit
      8               FOIA
      9               Forbidden books
      10              "Forbidden books"
      11              "Forbidden books":
                           Participants
      12                   Production/post-production

90    1               "Forbidden books":
                           Publicity
      2                    Program data
      3                    Release forms - signed
      4               Frank, Anne: (Meyer, Levin)                  1971
      5               Freedom of Information Day, March 16         1981
      6               Gabler, Mel and Norma
      7               General source material
      8               Giese, Frank Stearns
      9               United States vs. Frank Starns Giese
      10              Ginsberg, Allen: Censorship file             1970
      11              Ginzburg, Ralph
      12              Girodias, Maurice
      13              Glasser, Ronald: 365 Days: Book banning

91    1               Government and P.E.N.
      2               Gronowicz vs. United States
      3               Harrison E. Livingstone
      4               Harrison, George
      5               Hayden, Tom
      6               Headman: Elkador, Iowa
      7               Heffner, Hoffman, Leary, Angleton: Whitmore, R.
      8               Index for counter culture publications

92    1               Island Trees vs. Steven A. Pico:
                           Correspondence and memoranda
      2                    Court papers
      3                    Originals of court papers
      4                    Briefs
      5                    Articles and cases
      6                    Client's papers
      7                    Drafts and extra copies

93    1               Jackson, Senatory Henry                      1975
      2               Jaco, Roger
      3               Johnson, Otis
      4               Jonas, Bob
      5               Jones, LeRoi
      6               Kain, Gylan
      7               Kaufman file: Rosenberg case
      8               Keach, Calvin                           1976-1977
      9               Laursen, Rose
      10              Leary, Timothy
      11              Lennon, John
      12              Levy, D. A.
      13              Lewison, James
      14              Libel and the press
      15              Malpede, Karen
      16              Manoff, Robert: Columbia Journalism Review
      17              Media and one master plan
      18              Moody, Anne: Petition
      19              Native American Symposium
      20              New Hampshire
      21              NOLA and the press

94    1               Paraguay: Pre 1980
      2               Phillips, William: Partisan Review
      3               OMB A-122 Revisions
      4               Polygrams of government officials: NSDD-84
      5               Prison censorship: Press release, June       1972
      6               Kavaler, Lucy
      7               Prison censorship                            1976
      8               Prison censorship                       1974-1975
      9               Progressive Magazine: H-bomb article

95    1               Repression and censorship reading: M.
                           Rukeyser/Donnell, December 12           1975
      2               Repression-censorship reading: Ethical Culture
                           Society, March 28                       1978
      3               Donnell Library Readings                     1976
      4               P.E.N. Anniversary: Anthology
      5               Bicentennial: Activities                     1974
      6               P.E.N. Committee: Activities, biography, March
                           17                                      1969
      7               Activities:
                           Brodsky, March 14                       1973
      8                    Rabassa/Center for Inter-American
                                 Relations, February 26            1975
      9                    Norman Cousins, February 18,            1970
      10              P.E.N. Dramatic Forms Committee, Andrzej
                           Wirth, Chairman
      11              Activities:
                           Leon Edel, October 23                   1969
      12                   Hans Magnus Enzenberger, January 30     1974
      13                   Ethical Culture Society                 1974
      14              Neruda, Pablo - see also Annual Dinners
      15              Activities: Carribbean Figuer, December 8    1969
      16              Panel discussion: Foundations, March 10      1971
      17              Activities:
                           Max Frisch, April 5                     1974
      18                   Alexander Galich, November 15, December
                                 31                                1974
      19                   Ginsberg, June 3                        1970
      20                   Gunter Grass, September 21              1973
      21              Activities, November 17                      1970

      22              Activities:
                           Kitman, January 21: Eliot Janeway,
                                 January 28                        1971
      23                   panel discussion, Literature and
                                 Revolution
      24                   Miller - Morath, December 11            1969
      25              Latin American Writers Conference, May       1975
      26              Activities: Theater Mtozek, March 26         1969
      27              P.E.N. standards
      28              Pablo Neruda Memorial, October 23            1973
      29              Activities: Poetry Okara, April 9            1969
      30              Activities: Reynolds
      31              P.E.N. Saturday Review and Writers Digest
                           articles
      32              Sources of Resistance: Reading, McGraw-Hill
                           Auditorium,                             1975
                           November 10
      33              Cocktail Party and Dinner: Visiting Russian
                           writers, May 18                        1967
      34              Responses to letters to state arts councils  1976
      35              Activities: Rex Stout, April 23              1969
      36              Universities and libraries
      37              Activities: Yevtushenko, Fil, January 14     1970

96    1               Reddy, T. J.
      2               Reston, James R. v.  New York Times books
      3               Roistacher
      4               Schifter statements in Ottawa                1985
      5               Schneider, Martin
      6               Schreiber, Flora R.: The Shoemaker
      7               Sinclair, John
      8               FOIA: Smoking Typewriters
      9               Smoking Typewriters Anthology
      10              United States vs. Snepp
      11              Snepp Symposium, October                     1978
      12              Solomon, David: England/USA

97    1               Sostre, Martin
      2               South Carolina
      3               Spain, Johnny
      4               Squeak the Mouse
      5               Struhl, Karsten J.
      6               Sussman, Les: The Rapist file
      7               Tirpak, John
      8               Toche, Jean
      9               Underground Press: Hassles              1969-1970
      10              Uraguay
      11              Various nefarious acts                       1975
      12              Various nefarious acts
      13              Various nefarious acts
      14              Virginia
      15              Vonnegut, Kurt

98    1               Wambaugh, Joseph
      2               West Germany: Sources and contacts
      3               Weybright, Victor                       1971-1972
      4               Wisconsin
      5               Women activists
      6               Zenger

99                    Miscellaneous articles

100   1               3. Embargo on Trade with Germany             1938
      2               4. International P.E.N. Emergency Fund  1971-1973
      3               International P.E.N. Emergency Fund     1974-1976
      4               International P.E.N. Emergency Fund, Proctor
                           and Gamble
      5               5. "European P.E.N. in America"         1941-1949

                      6. P.E.N. Exhibit
101   1               P.E.N. Exhibit: Schedule and correspondence
      2               P.E.N. Exhibit: Contents
      3               P.E.N. Exhibit: Publicity
      4               Repression and Censorship Exhibit at the
                           Donnell Library
      5               Repression and Censorship Exhibit and Ethical
                           Culture
                           Society
      6               Books from Finland: Schedule and correspondence
      7               Books from Finland: Contents
      8               Books from Finland: Publicity
      9               Finnish
      10              P.E.N.                                       1977
      11              Contacts

102   1               Books from Hungary:
                           Schedule and correspondence
      2                    Contents
      3                    Publicity
      4               Translation Exhibit                          1975
      5               Translation Exhibit
      6               Translation Exhibit:
                           List of contents, expenses
      7                    Press release, publicity
      8                    Schedule and correspondence

                      7. Foreign Writers
103   1               Foreign writers:
                           Chinese                            1938-1948
      2                    Latin American                     1937-1966
      3                    Russian                            1927-1968
      4                    Russian: Invitations               1963-1965
      5               Rovner, Arkady: Russian writer
      6               Russian writers abroad
      7               U.S.S.R.: General writers' visit             1975

                      8. Freedom to Write
104   1               Freedom to Write Committee
      2               Chile:
                           Correspondence, general cases      1973-1975
      3                    Correspondence, general cases      1976-1977
      4                    Correspondence, general cases      1978-1979
      5               Czechoslavakia:
                           Correspondence, general cases      1967-1975
      6                    Country report                          1973
      7                    Correspondence, general cases      1976-1978
      8                    Charter, trial, Prague            1977, 1979

105   1               FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 December 15                       1976
      2                          June 6                            1977
      3                          September 16                      1977
      4                          September 30                      1977
      5                          February 24                       1978
      6               FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 March 31                          1978
      7                          May 5                             1978
      8                          May 31                            1978
      9                          September 29                      1978
      10                         October 20                        1978
      11                         November 17                       1978
      12                         December 15                       1978
      13                         January 19                        1979
      14                         March 9                           1979
      15                         April 6                           1979
      16                         May 4                             1979
      17                         June 15                           1979
      18                         September 21                      1979
      19                         October 26                        1979
      20                         November 16                       1979
      21                         December 14                       1979
      22              FTW: Definition, highlights                  1979
      23              FTW: Committee members, lists

106   1               Description: FTW program
      2               FTW: Miscellaneous cases                1937-1965
      3               Descriptions of F-t-W Program (fundraising,
                           etc)
      4               FTW: Correspondence                          1980
      5               FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 January 18                        1980
      6                          February 15                       1980
      7                          March 21                          1980
      8                          April 25                          1980
      9                          May 23                            1980
      10                         September 19                      1980
      11                         October 16                        1980
      12                         November 20                       1980
      13                         December 18                       1980
      14              FTW: Correspondence                          1981
      15              FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 January 22                        1981
      16                         February 25                       1981
      17                         March 18                          1981
      18                         April 24                          1981
      19                         May 21                            1981
      20                         September 17                      1981
      21                         October 15                        1981
      22                         December 3                        1981
      23              Freedom to Write Committee              1981-1982
      24              FTW: Correspondence                          1982
      25              FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 January 7                         1982
      26                         February 4                        1982
      27                         March 12                          1982
      28                         April 16                          1982
      29                         May 14                            1982
      30                         September 10                      1982
      31                         October 8                         1982
      32                         November 12                       1982
      33                         December 3                        1982
      34              FTW: Correspondence                          1983
      35              FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 January 7                         1983
      36                         February 11                       1983
      37                         March 17                          1983
      38                         April 14                          1983
      39                         May 17                            1983
      40                         September 12                      1983
      41                         October 21                        1983
      42                         November 30                       1983

107   1               FTW: Correspondence                          1984
      2               FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 January 11                        1984
      3                          February 15                       1984
      4                          March 13                          1984
      5                          April 9                           1984
      6                          May 4                             1984
      7                          June 12                           1984
      8                          September 20                      1984
      9                          December 11                       1984
      10              FTW: Attending members end                   1985
      11              FTW: Correspondence                          1985
      12              FTW: Committee Meeting:
                                 January 17                        1985
      13                         March 7                           1985
      14                         April 11                          1985
      15                         May 7                             1985
      16                         September 26                      1985
      17                         November 7                        1985
      18                         December 17                       1985
      19                         February 25                       1986
      20              FTW: Committee Meeting: March 27             1986
      21                         April 30                          1986
      22                         May 29                            1986
      23                         September 9                       1986
      24                         October 20                        1986
      25                         December 4                        1986

108   1               WIP: Correspondence                     1963-1968
      2               WIP: Correspondence                     1969-1973
      3               Writers in Prison: Correspondence       1974-1976
      4               FTW: Correspondence                          1977
      5                    Correspondence                          1978
      6                    Correspondence, January - June          1979
      7                    Correspondence, July - December         1979
      8                    Correspondence                          1979
      9                    Correspondence                          1980

109                   Helen Graves, Freedom-to-Write Logs (2)

110   1               Korea (South):
                           Kim Chi Ha                              1974
      2                    Kim Chi Ha, P.E.N. protest letters      1974
      3                    Kim Chi Ha                              1975
      4                    Kim Chi Ha, P.E.N. protest letters      1975
      5                    Kim Chi Ha                         1976-1978
      6                    Kim Chi Ha                              1979
      7                    Correspondence, general cases           1979
      8                    Kim Chi Ha                              1980
      9                    Event/Kim Chi-ha                        1988

111                   Freedom of Expression in the Republic of
                           Korea, August (2 copies)                1988

112   1               Phillipines:
                           Rizal and Quintin Yuyitung         1970-1971
      2                    Clippings, correspondence, general
                                 cases                        1973-1975
      3                    Clippings, correspondence, general
                                 cases                        1976-1979
      4                    Ninotchka Rosca                    1979-1985
      5                    Correspondence, general cases      1980-1984
      6                    Monica Feria                            1980
      7                    We Forum                           1982-1983
      8                    Report                             1982-1983
                           and Index on censorship article,
                                 May/June                          1978
      9                    Freedom to Write missions and other
                                 groups                       1983-1984
      10              Phillipines:
                           Newsclippings                      1983-1984
      11                   Mila Aguilar                            1984
      12                   Aguilar case sheets                     1984
      13                   Salvador Roxas Gonzalez            1984-1985
      14                   "Silenced Voices" event, April 15       1985

113   1               Poland:
                           Melchior Wankowicz                      1964
      2                    Correspondence                     1964-1984
      3                    Jerzy Pawlowski                    1975-1976
      4                    Janusz Glowacki                    1979-1983
      5                    Miroslaw Chojecki                       1980
      6                    Appeal for writers                 1981-1982
      7                    Stanislaw Baranczak event, January 25   1982
      8                    Clippings                          1983-1986
      9                    Marek Nowakowski                        1984
      10                   Royalties to writers                    1984
      11                   New School event, June 17               1985

114   1               Puerto Rico: Project                    1981-1982
      2               Romania:
                           Correspondence, general cases      1975-1984
      3                    Hungarian ethnic minority          1976-1984
      4                    Suzana Mihalescu                        1983
      5                    Clippings                               1984
      6               South Africa:
                           Correspondence, general cases         - 1977
      7                    Correspondence, general cases      1978-1979
      8                    Correspondence, general cases      1980-1985
      9                    Reading Sipho Sephamla, January 13,
                                 reception,                        1982
                           South African report
      10              Syria

115   1               Taiwan:
                           Chen Ying-Shan                     1968-1969
      2                    Correspondence, general cases      1971-1979
      3                    Clippings                          1971-1984
      4                    Formosa Digest                     1979-1980
      5                    General cases, correspondence      1980-1984
      6                    Lu Hsiu-Lien                       1982-1984

116   1               Turkey: Correspondence, general cases   1970-1980

      2               Turkey:
                           Ismail Besikci                     1980-1982
      3                    News from Turkey                   1981-1984
      4                    Correspondence                          1981
      5                    Correspondence                          1982
      6                    Turkish writers list                    1982
      7                    Correspondence                          1983
      8                    Clippings                               1983
      9                    Correspondence                          1984
      10                   Clippings                               1984
      11                   TPA members arrested                    1984
      12                   Declaration by Turkish intellectuals    1984
      13                   Correspondence                          1985
      14                   Clippings                               1985
      15                   Descriptions of the literature
      16              Uganda
      17              Uruguay: Mission, April, advance work,
                           correspondence                          1983
      18              U.S.S.R.: Olga Ivinskaya                1960-1962
      19              U.S.S.R.: Valery Tarsis                 1963-1966

117   1               U.S.S.R.: Correspondence, cases         1967-1976
      2               Ukraine: Clippings, correspondence, general
                           cases                              1968-1979
      3               U.S.S.R.:
                           Brodsky, Joseph                    1969-1980
      4                    Complete Solzhenitsyn correspondence1969-1978
      5                    Amalrik, Alekseyevich              1970-1977
      6                    Chernysnov, Vasily                 1971-1972
      7                    Kekilova, Annasoltan               1971-1972
      8                    Moroz, Valentyn                    1971-1976
      9                    Galanskov, Yuri                         1972
      10                   Maximov, Vladimir                  1972-1973
      11                   Yakir, Peter                       1972-1973
      12                   Bukovsky, Bladomir                 1973-1977
      13                   Mihal, Taras                       1973-1974
      14                   Sakharov, Andrei D.                1973-1975
      15                   Yakabson, Anatoly                       1973
      16                   Chukovskaya, Lidiya                     1974
      17                   Etkind, Efim                            1974
      18                   Krasivsky, Zinovij                 1974-1979
      19                   Maramzin, Vladimir                 1974-1975
      20                   Marchenko, Anatoly                 1974-1975
      21                   Prolog Research Corporation        1974-1977
      22                   Reshetovskaya, Natalya                  1974
      23                   Superfin, Gabriel                  1974-1978
      24              U.S.S.R.: Voinovich, Vladimir N.             1974

118   1               U.S.S.R.:
                           Miscellaneous case sheets         late 1970s
      2                    Evdokimov, Rostislav               1975-1979
      3                    Human Rights Hearing (Common Comm. Exiles
                                 Den)                              1975
      4                    Kheifets, Mikhail                       1975
      5                    Kopelev, Lev                       1975-1977
      6                    Lithuania: Clippings, correspondence,1975-1976
                                 general cases
      7                    Osipov, Vladimir                        1975
      8                    Parajanov, Sergy                   1975-1977
      9                    Correspondence                     1976-1979
      10                   Tamonis, Mindaugas                 1975-1976
      11                   Dzhinilev, Mustafa                1976, 1986
      12                   Gorbanevskaya, Natalya             1976-1977
      13                   Khvostenko, Aleksei                1976-1979
      14                   Kovalyov, Sergei                   1976-1977
      15                   Ginzburg, Alexander                1977-1979
      16                   Podrabinek, Alexander              1977-1978
      17                   Ukraine: Rudenko, Mykola           1977-1979
      18                   Scharansky, Anatoly B.             1977-1979
      19                   Orlov, Yuri                        1978-1979
      20                   Druzhnikov, Yuri                   1979-1980
      21                   Guberman, Igor                     1979-1980
      22                   Nekipelov, Viktor                       1979
      23                   Proffer, Carl and Ella                  1979
      24              Ukraine: Stus, Vasyl                         1979
      25              U.S.S.R.: Moscow Book Fair              1976-1979

119   1               Ukraine: Americans for Human Rights     1980-1984
      2               U.S.S.R.:
                           Badzyo, Yuri (Ukraine)                  1980
      3                    Brailovsky, Viktor                 1980-1981
      4                    Chornovil, Vyacheslav              1980-1981
      5                    Ukraine: clippings                 1980-1984
      6                    Correspondence                     1980-1984
      7                    Kopelev, Lev: Clippings            1980-1981
      8                    Kopelev, Lev: Correspondence       1980-1983
      9                    Nekipelov, Viktor                       1980
      10                   Orlov, Yuri                             1980
      11                   Osipova, Tatyana, honorary member       1980
      12                   Sakharov, Andrei D.                1980-1982
      13                   Sharansky, Anatoly                      1980
      14              U.S.S.R.:
                           Ukraine: Stus, Vasyl                    1980
      15                   Voinovich, Vladimir N.             1980-1982
      16                   Evdokimov, Rostislav               1981-1982
      17                   Laskanskas, Romualdas: Correspondence   1981
      18                   Lipkin and Lisnyanskaya            1981-1984
      19                   Lithuania: Sta